From Population Lending to HNP Results : The Evolution of the World Bank's Strategies in Health, Nutrition and Population
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Washington, DC : World Bank
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This paper reviews the evolution of the
World Bank's strategies in the health, nutrition, and
population (HNP) sector in relation to both internal and
global events, as background for the forthcoming evaluation
by the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) of the Bank's
support for HNP. It summarizes the objectives, priorities,
and strategies in HNP as expressed in official documents and
revealed implicitly by its lending and non-lending
activities. Special emphasis is placed on analysis of the
period since the release of the 1997 HNP Strategy, which has
guided the sector over the last decade. However, the report
also reviews the Bank's earlier experiences in HNP, so
as to provide a context for understanding the World
Bank's current strategies. Detailed timelines annexed
to the paper help to put the Bank's strategies and
actions in the context of the evolution of global HNP
themes. It aimed to help client countries: (i) improve the
HNP outcomes of the poor and protect the population from the
impoverishing effects of illness, malnutrition, and high
fertility; (ii) enhance the performance of health systems;
and (iii) secure sustainable health financing. The sector
sought to achieve greater impact through emphasizing
strategic policy directions in country assistance
strategies, underpinning lending with analysis and research,
increasing selectivity, improving client services, and
stronger monitoring and evaluation. Throughout the recent
phases, the World Bank's objectives remained largely
consistent: improving health outcomes, especially among the
poor; strengthening health systems; and securing sustainable
financing. This review of the Bank's objectives and
strategies, particularly over the past decade, suggests four
priority areas of investigation for an evaluation of the
Bank's HNP support.
Palabras clave
CLIENT SERVICES, HEALTH, NUTRITION, AND POPULATION SECTOR, HEALTH SYSTEM PERFORMANCE, ILLNESS, IMPOVERISHMENT, MALNUTRITION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION, RESEARCH, SUSTAINABLE HEALTH FINANCING