How Endowments, Accumulations, and Choice Determine the Geography of Agricultural Productivity in Ecuador
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Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank
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Spatial disparity in incomes and
productivity is apparent across and within countries. Most
studies of the determinants of such differences focus on
cross-country comparisons or location choice among firms.
Less studied are the large differences in agricultural
productivity within countries related to concentrations of
rural poverty. For policy, understanding the determinants of
this geography of agricultural productivity is important,
because strategies to reduce poverty often feature
components designed to boost regional agricultural incomes.
Census and endowment data for Ecuador are used to estimate a
model of endogenous technology choice to explain large
regional differences in agricultural output and factor
productivity. A composite-error estimation technique is used
to separate systemic determinants from idiosyncratic
differences. Simulations are employed to explore policy
avenues. The findings suggest a differentiation between the
types of policies that promote growth in agriculture
generally and those that are more likely to assist the rural poor.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, CAPABILITY, CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE, CROPS, E-MAIL, ECONOMETRICS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC SECTORS, ECONOMICS, ELASTICITIES, ELASTICITY, EMAIL ADDRESS, EMPIRICAL RESEARCH, EMPLOYMENT, ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES, ENVIRONMENTAL, EXPECTED VALUE, FACTOR MARKETS, FAMILY LABOR, FARMERS, FARMS, FERTILIZERS, GENDER, GOVERNMENT SERVICES, GROWTH MODELS, GROWTH THEORY, INCOME LEVELS, INCOMES, INCREASING RETURNS, INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE, INEFFICIENCY, INNOVATIONS, INPUT FACTOR, INSTITUTION, INSURANCE, INTEGRATION, LABOR INPUTS, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOUR, LAND USE, LIVESTOCK, MANAGERIAL SKILL, MANUFACTURING, MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY, MARGINAL PRODUCTS, MARGINAL VALUE, MARKET ACCESS, MARKETING, MOTIVATION, NATIONAL INCOME, NATURAL ENDOWMENTS, NETWORKS, NEW TECHNOLOGIES, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION ELASTICITIES, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS, PRODUCTION INPUTS, PRODUCTION QUANTITIES, PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, PRODUCTIVE ASSETS, PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES, PROPERTY RIGHTS, RESULT, RESULTS, RETURNS TO SCALE, ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS, SAFETY, SAFETY NETS, SEASONAL LABOR, SEASONAL WORKERS, SOCIAL CAPITAL, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TRANSACTION, TRANSACTION COSTS, USES