“Brain Drain” and the Global Mobility of High-Skilled Talent
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This note outlines the challenges of
retaining and attracting high-skilled professionals, briefly
assesses both the 'brain gain' and the 'brain
drain' in the health sector, and examines some of the
existing programs that encourage return. It provides an
overview of the role of the diaspora in fostering the
transfer of knowledge, technology, capital, and remittances.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO FINANCE, ADVANCED DEGREES, ADVISORY SERVICE, BRAIN DRAIN, BRAIN-DRAIN, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, CAPITAL MARKETS, CLUSTERS, COST EFFECTIVENESS, COST OF TRAINING, COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN, CREDITWORTHINESS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT BANK, DEVELOPMENT CENTERS, DIASPORA, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATED PEOPLE, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMIGRATION, EMPLOYER, ENROLLMENT RATES, ENTREPRENEURS, EXPENDITURE, EXTERNAL FINANCE, FINANCES, FINANCIAL CAPITAL, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS, FUTURE REMITTANCES, GENDER, GENDER ASPECTS, GOVERNMENT SUPPORT, GRADUATE STUDENTS, HEALTH SECTOR, HIGHER EDUCATION, HIGHLY EDUCATED INDIVIDUALS, HOME COUNTRIES, HOME COUNTRY, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN CAPITAL, IMMIGRANT, IMMIGRATION, IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT, INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT REMITTANCES, INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY, LABOR MARKETS, LAND GRANTS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MARKETING, MIGRANT REMITTANCES, NET TRANSFER, NEW COMPANIES, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NURSES, NURSING, PHYSICIANS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLICY RESPONSE, PROFESSIONAL NETWORKS, PROGRESS, PUBLIC EDUCATION, REMITTANCE, REMITTANCE COSTS, REMITTANCE FLOWS, REMITTANCES, RESEARCH FINDINGS, RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, RESEARCHERS, SAVINGS, SCARCE RESOURCES, SCIENTISTS, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED MIGRANTS, SKILLED MIGRATION, SKILLED PROFESSIONALS, SKILLED WORKERS, SPECIAL VISAS, START-UPS, STUDENT LOANS, STUDENT MIGRATION, TEMPORARY MIGRATION, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY ENROLLMENT, TRANSFER OF FUNDS, TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE, UNION, UNIVERSITIES, VENTURE CAPITAL, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, WORK PERMITS, WORKING CONDITIONS