Production of high-value products from the by-products of aquatic food processing
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The processing of aquatic food generates substantial by-products, including animal heads, skins, bones, scales, visceral organs and shells, etc., which can constitute between 30 percent and 70 percent of the whole body of aquatic organisms. These by-products retain numerous bioactive molecules suitable for extraction and application in the nutraceutical, functional food, pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic and material industries, and have the potential to yield high-value products. The transition from aquatic food waste to high-value products presents multiple benefits, including: (i) enhanced human nutrition and health through nutrient and bioactive component provision; (ii) mitigation of environmental pollution by reducing waste; and (iii) improved economic returns because aquatic food waste is transformed into high-value products rather than low-value animal feeds or fertilizers. This guide presents strategic and technical insights by outlining key principles for producing high-value items, including collagen, gelatine, bioactive peptides, chitin, chitosan, chondroitin sulphate, fish leather and fish oil, from the by-products of aquatic food processing.