Do Immigrants Shield the Locals? Exposure to COVID-Related Risks in the European Union

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dc.creatorBossavie, Laurent
dc.creatorGarrote Sánchez, Daniel
dc.creatorMakovec, Mattia
dc.creatorOzden, Caglar
dc.date2020-12-17T15:41:32Z
dc.date2020-12-17T15:41:32Z
dc.date2020-12
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:40:11Z
dc.descriptionThis paper investigates the relationship between immigration and the exposure of native workers to the health and labor-market risks arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. Using various measures of occupational risks based on European Union labor force survey data, the paper finds that immigrant workers, especially those from lower-income member countries in Eastern Europe or from outside the EU, face greater exposure than their native-born peers to both income and health-shocks related to COVID-19. The paper also shows that native workers living in regions with a higher concentration of immigrants are less exposed to some of the income and health risks associated with the pandemic. To assess whether this relationship is causal, a Bartik-type shift-share instrument is used to control for potential bias and unobservable factors that would lead migrants to self-select into more vulnerable occupations across regions. The results show that the presence of immigrant workers has a causal effect in reducing the exposure of native workers to various risks by enabling the native-born workers to move into jobs that could be undertaken from the safety of their homes or with lower face-to-face interactions. The effects on the native-born population are more pronounced for high-skilled workers than for low-skilled workers, and for women than for men. The paper does not find a significant effect of immigration on wages and employment — indicating that the effects are mostly driven by a reallocation of natives from less safe jobs to safer jobs.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/634461608129241833/Do-Immigrants-Push-Natives-towards-Safer-Jobs-Exposure-to-COVID-19-in-the-European-Union
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/34944
dc.identifier10.1596/1813-9450-9500
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/408758
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 9500
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectIMMIGRANT LABOR
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectMIGRANT WORKER
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONAL CHOICE
dc.subjectCORONAVIRUS
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectPANDEMIC IMPACT
dc.titleDo Immigrants Shield the Locals? Exposure to COVID-Related Risks in the European Union
dc.typeWorking Paper
dc.typeDocument de travail
dc.typeDocumento de trabajo

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