Bioenergy Development : Issues and
            Impacts for Poverty and Natural Resource Management

Cushion, Elizabeth; Whiteman, Adrian; Dieterle, Gerhard

Bioenergy Development : Issues and Impacts for Poverty and Natural Resource Management

Autores

Cushion, Elizabeth

Whiteman, Adrian

Dieterle, Gerhard

Editor

World Bank

Descripción

These report overviews recent developments in the consumption and production of bioenergy. It examines the main issues and possible economic implications of these developments and assesses their potential impact on land use and the environment, especially with respect to forests. The report examines both solid biomass and liquid biofuels, identifying opportunities and challenges at the regional and country levels. The development of bioenergy presents both opportunities and challenges for economic development and the environment. It is likely to have significant impacts on the forest sector, directly, through the use of wood for energy production, and indirectly, as a result of changes in land use. The impact of bioenergy on poverty alleviation in developing countries will depend on the opportunities for agricultural development, including income and employment generation, the potential to increase poor peoples' access to improved types of bioenergy; and the effects on energy and food prices. Five main messages emerge from this report: solid biomass will continue to be a principal source of energy; developments in bioenergy will have major implications for land use; tradeoffs, including those related to poverty, equity, and the environment, must be evaluated when choosing a bioenergy system; there is considerable potential for making greater use of forestry and timber waste as a bioenergy feedstock; and the climate benefits of bioenergy development are uncertain and highly location and feedstock specific.
Este informe ofrece una visión general de los avances recientes en la producción y consumo de la bioenergía. Se examinan los temas principales y las posibles implicaciones económicas de estos avances, evaluando su impacto potencial en el uso de la tierra y el medioambiente, especialmente con respecto a los bosques. El informe examina tanto la biomasa sólida como los biocombustibles líquidos, identificando oportunidades y retos en el nivel regional y nacional. La bioenergía supone una oportunidad para que aquellos países con tierras apropiadas para los cultivos energéticos desarrollen una fuente propia de energía renovable. La mayoría de los países que están potenciando el desarrollo de la bioenergía persiguen, al menos, uno de los siguientes objetivos: aumentar la seguridad energética, estimular el desarrollo rural, reducir el impacto del consumo de energía sobre el cambio climático, o mejorar el medioambiente en sentido amplio. El desarrollo de la bioenergía ofrece tanto desafíos como oportunidades para el desarrollo económico y el medioambiente. Si bien puede crear oportunidades para la generación de renta y empleo y puede incrementar el acceso de la población más pobre a mejores tipos de energía existen por ejemplo serias dudas sobre su efecto en la lucha contra el cambio climático o el medioambiente.

Palabras clave

AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, ALCOHOL PRODUCTION, ALTERNATIVE FUELS, ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, APPROACH, AVAILABILITY, BIO-OIL, BIODIESEL, BIOENERGY, BIOFUEL PRODUCTION, BIOGAS, BIOGAS PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION, BIOMASS, BIOMASS COMPONENTS, BIOMASS ENERGY, BIOMASS ENERGY PRODUCERS, BIOMASS ENERGY PRODUCTION, BIOMASS FOR ENERGY, BIOMASS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION, BIOMASS FUELS, BIOMASS RESOURCES, BIOMASS TECHNOLOGIES, BIOMASS USE, BLACK LIQUOR, BOILER, BOILERS, CALORIFIC VALUE, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CATALYTIC CONVERSION, CELLULOSE, CELLULOSIC BIOMASS, CELLULOSIC ETHANOL, CHARCOAL, CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, CLIMATE BENEFITS, CLIMATE CHANGE, CO, COAL, COMBUSTION, CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY, CONVENTIONAL DIESEL, CONVENTIONAL GASOLINE, CONVERSION PROCESS, CORN, CORN ETHANOL, CORN PRODUCTION, COST OF ENERGY, CROP RESIDUES, CRUDE OIL, DEFORESTATION, DEMAND FOR HEAT, DIESEL, DISTRIBUTION LOSSES, DUNG, EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY PRODUCTION, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY CAPACITY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, EMISSION, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, EMPLOYMENT, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY CROP, ENERGY CROPS, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY GENERATION, ENERGY NEEDS, ENERGY OUTLOOK, ENERGY PRICES, ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM BIOMASS, ENERGY SECURITY, ENERGY SOURCE, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY STRATEGIES, ENERGY SYSTEMS, ENERGY USE, ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, ETHANOL, ETHANOL BLENDING, ETHANOL CONSUMPTION, ETHANOL PRODUCTION, ETHANOL WITH GASOLINE, ETHANOL YIELDS, FEEDSTOCK, FEEDSTOCK PRICES, FEEDSTOCKS, FEEDSTOCKS FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION, FIRST-GENERATION FUELS, FOOD CROPS, FOSSIL, FOSSIL ENERGY, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUEL PRICES, FOSSIL FUEL USE, FOSSIL FUELS, FUEL, FUEL COSTS, FUEL ETHANOL, FUEL PRODUCTION, FUELS, GAS, GASIFICATION, GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, GASOLINE, GENERATION, GEOTHERMAL, GLOBAL ENERGY DEMAND, GLOBAL WARMING, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTIONS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONS, GRID APPLICATIONS, HEAT, HEAT PRODUCTION, HEAT PUMPS, HEATING SYSTEMS, HEMICELLULOSE, HYDROPOWER, JATROPHA, KILOWATT HOUR, LIGNIN, LIQUID BIOFUEL, LIQUID BIOFUELS, LIQUID FUEL, LIQUID FUELS, MAIZE, METHANE, MICROALGAE, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NET ENERGY BALANCE, NITROGEN, NITROGEN FERTILIZER, NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS, NONRENEWABLE ENERGY, NUCLEAR FUEL, NUCLEAR POWER, OIL, OIL CONSUMPTION, OIL EQUIVALENT, OIL EXPORTERS, OIL EXPORTS, OIL FEEDSTOCKS, OIL PRICES, OIL PRODUCTION, OIL RESOURCES, OIL SEED, OIL SEEDS, OIL SUPPLY, PELLETS, PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM GAS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, POLLUTION, POWER, POWER GENERATION, POWER PRODUCTION, POWER STATIONS, PRIMARY ENERGY, PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY, PRIMARY FEEDSTOCK, PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY, PYROLYSIS, QUANTITY OF FUEL, RAPESEED, RAPESEED OIL, RAW SUGAR, REDUCING ENERGY USE, RENEWABLE ENERGIES, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY, RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION, RENEWABLE FUELS, RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES, RICE HUSKS, RURAL AREAS, SLURRIES, SODIUM HYDROXIDE, SOLAR POWER, SOLAR THERMAL, SOLID BIOMASS, SOLID BIOMASS FUELS, SOLID FUELS, SORGHUM, SOURCE OF ENERGY, SOY OIL, SOYBEAN MEAL, SOYBEAN OIL, SOYBEAN PRODUCTION, SUGAR CANE, SUGARCANE, SUGARCANE CULTIVATION, SUGARCANE PRODUCTION, SUGARS, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, SUSTAINABLE USE, TAX INCENTIVE, TAX INCENTIVES, TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER, TIDAL POWER, TRADITIONAL BIOMASS, TRADITIONAL FUELS, VEHICLES, WASTE HEAT, WASTE PRODUCTS, WATER HEATING, WATER MANAGEMENT, WIND, WIND POWER, WOOD, WOOD BIOMASS, WOOD CHIPS, WOOD PELLETS, WOOD RESIDUES, WOOD WASTE