Mountain Climates
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Climate variables undergo systematic changes with elevation, most notably a decrease in temperature. It is often argued that the altitudinal belts parallel latitudinal climate variations, but this applies only as a first approximation, as changing slope, aspect and other effects can largely compensate or exacerbate the effect of altitude alone. Altogether, mountain climates are characterised by a rather distinctive combination of temperature, radiation, wind and rainfall patterns, as well as a l arger variability of climate, both spatial and temporal (at scales from days to seasons) compared with lowlands at the same latitude. In addition to the aforementioned parameters, which will be covered in some detail, atmospheric pressure and carbon dioxide (CO2) should also be mentioned.