Special Economic Zones in Africa :
            Comparing Performance and Learning from Global Experience

Farole, Thomas

Special Economic Zones in Africa : Comparing Performance and Learning from Global Experience

Autores

Farole, Thomas

Editor

World Bank

Descripción

Economic zones have grown rapidly in the past 20 years. In 1986, the International Labor Organization's (ILO's) database reported 176 zones in 47 countries; by 2006, it reported 3,500 zones in 130 countries. This huge growth occurred despite many zones having failed to meet their objectives; however, many others are contributing significantly to growth in foreign direct investment (FDI), exports, and employment, as well as playing a catalytic role in integration into global trade and structural transformation, including industrialization and upgrading. This study aims to address some of these questions and deliver an analysis that is both data-driven and policy-focused. The objective of the study is to explore the experience of zone programs, with a particular focus on Sub-Saharan Africa, to understand the factors that contribute to static and dynamic outcomes. It aims to provide input to the question of whether and how zones can make a significant contribution to job creation, diversification, and sustainable growth in African and other low-income countries.

Palabras clave

ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES, ADVANCED ECONOMIES, AGRICULTURE, ARBITRAGE, BENCHMARK, BENCHMARKING, BINDING CONSTRAINTS, BOND, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT, CATALYTIC IMPACT, CATALYTIC ROLE, CITIES, COLLABORATION, COMMODITIES, COMMON MARKET, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT, COMPETITIVENESS, CONNECTIVITY, CONSUMERS, COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE, COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER, CORPORATE TAX, COUNTRY TO COUNTRY, CUSTOMS UNION, DATA COLLECTION, DECENTRALIZATION, DEMOGRAPHIC, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DISPLACEMENT, DOMESTIC ECONOMIES, DOMESTIC ECONOMY, DOMESTIC INVESTORS, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC MARKETS, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, ECONOMIC CHANGE, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, ECONOMIC CRISIS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPACT, ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION, ECONOMIC OUTCOMES, ECONOMIC REFORM, ECONOMIC REFORMS, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, ECONOMIC STRATEGIES, ECONOMIC VALUE, ECONOMICS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, ECONOMISTS, EMERGING ECONOMIES, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS, ENVIRONMENTS, EPZ, EXPORT GROWTH, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE, EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES, EXPORTS, EXTERNAL TRADE, FINANCE CORPORATION, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FISHING, FOREIGN CAPITAL, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTORS, FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, FOREIGN TRADE, FOREIGN VALUE, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, FUTURE RESEARCH, GDP, GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES, GLOBAL ECONOMY, GLOBAL INVESTORS, GLOBAL MARKETS, GLOBAL STANDARDS, GLOBALIZATION, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GUARANTEE OF SUCCESS, HUMAN CAPITAL, INCOME, INCOMES, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATIONS, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT POLICIES, INVESTMENT POLICY, INVESTORS CONFIDENCE, JOB CREATION, JOINT VENTURE, KNOWLEDGE SHARING, LABOR COSTS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET RIGIDITIES, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR STANDARDS, LABOUR, LEARNING, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, LIBERALIZATION, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, LOW-INCOME COUNTRY, LOW-INCOME ECONOMIES, MARKET ACCESS, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY, MINIMUM WAGE, MONOPOLIES, MONOPOLY, MULTIPLIERS, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL ECONOMY, NATURAL RESOURCE, NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES, OIL, OUTPUT, OUTSOURCING, OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE, POLICY DECISIONS, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLICY MAKERS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POWER OUTAGES, PPPS, PRESENT VALUE, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, PRIVATIZATION, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PRODUCTION PROCESSES, PROGRAMS, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, RAPID GROWTH, REAL ESTATE, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL TRADE, REGULATORY AGENCY, REGULATORY AUTHORITIES, REGULATORY AUTHORITY, REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, REGULATORY REGIME, REGULATORY REGIMES, REMOTE REGION, RESEARCH AGENDA, SAFETY, SKILLED WORKERS, SOCIAL VALUES, STREAMS, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, SUPPLIERS, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TAXATION, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNICAL NEEDS, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TRADE POLICY, TRADE UNIONS, TRADES, TRADING ACTIVITIES, TRADING PLATFORM, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSPARENCY, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNSKILLED LABOR, VALUE ADDED, WAGES, WEALTH, WORKING CONDITIONS, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO