Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women: precision of national surveys and accuracy of brief data collection instruments
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Springer Nature ;
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Unhealthy diets are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. While gradual progress has been made on collecting nationally representative quantitative dietary intake data, diets remain infrequently monitored on a large scale worldwide. In response to the financial and human resource burden and lagged data dissemination associated with quantitative dietary assessment, low-burden brief data collection instruments have been developed – which are conventionally qualitative recalls of food groups consumption. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of consensus on the measures and indicators that best capture the four priority sub-constructs of a healthy diet for monitoring purposes (i.e., diversity, nutrient adequacy, macronutrient balance, and moderation). Consequently, healthy diet indicators have been omitted in global monitoring frameworks, such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the World Health Assembly global nutrition targets. Due to the rapid pace of changes across food systems and the associated dietary transition, however, the importance of monitoring what people eat and drink across population groups and countries has never been more critical. Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) has been identified as a promising indicator for monitoring diets globally. MDD-W questionnaires have been integrated into, amongst others, the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Gallup World Poll (GWP).