Resilience to Climate Change-Induced Challenges in the Mekong River Basin : The Role of the MRC
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Climate change and its consequences,
ranging from increased water variability to more extreme
weather events and from sea level rise to ecosystem changes,
introduce new challenges to transboundary watercourses,
which already face a variety of collective action problems
due to their border-crossing nature. Other changes occurring
in river basins, such as changing water-use patterns,
development of large infrastructure schemes, and changing
socioeconomic development levels of riparian states also
challenge the institutional capacity of current cooperative
management mechanisms. Thus, River Basin Organizations
(RBOs), which manage the river basins, must be highly
adaptive to ensure not only resilience to change but also
long-term sustainable development of the basin and its
people. This paper examines the 'adaptation
capacity' of the Mekong River Commission (MRC), which
manages the Mekong River Basin, a river basin particularly
vulnerable to challenges related to climate change as well
as to human-caused change. Resilience may be encoded in
treaty provisions, but in practice it depends on a broad
array of factors, most importantly the capacity of the major
institution established by the riparian states to
cooperatively manage the river basin. Several key points
have been identified regarding the contribution of the MRC
to increasing resilience to environmental and human-caused
change in the Mekong River Basin. The aim of the paper is to
assess the adaptation capacity of a particular RBO, the MRC,
and the related resilience of the Mekong River Basin with
regard to climate change but including other challenges such
as hydropower development and the related change induced in
the basin. This assessment is based on an analytical
framework developed with the overall aim to provide a means
for assessing the adaptation capacity of RBOs and thus apply
it to other river basins as well.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ALLOCATION OF WATER, ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, ANNUAL RUNOFF, AQUACULTURE, AQUATIC RESOURCES, BASIN AUTHORITY, BASIN COMMISSION, BASIN MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES, BASIN TRANSFER, BASIN WATER, BIODIVERSITY, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPACITY=BUILDING, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, COLLECTIVE ACTION, CONFLICT RESOLUTION MECHANISMS, DAM, DAM PROJECTS, DAMS, DECISION MAKING, DELTA REGION, DETERIORATION OF WATER, DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROPOWER, DIKES, DROUGHT, DROUGHT MANAGEMENT, DRY SEASON, DRY SEASONS, ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EQUITABLE USE OF WATER, EXTERNALITIES, FISH CATCH, FISH POPULATIONS, FISHERIES, FLOOD CONTROL, FLOOD MANAGEMENT, FLOOD PROTECTION, FLOOD RISK, FLOOD SEASON, FLOW REGIME, GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY, HYDROLOGY, HYDROPOWER, HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT, HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENTS, HYDROPOWER GENERATION, HYDROPOWER PLANTS, HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL, HYDROPOWER PROJECTS, HYDROPOWER SCHEMES, INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, INTERNATIONAL WATERCOURSES, IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE, LAKE, LAKES, LARGE HYDROPOWER, LEGAL BASIS, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, MANAGEMENT OF WATER, MEDIATORS, METEOROLOGICAL DATA, MILLION PEOPLE, NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES, NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, NATURAL FLOWS, NATURAL RESOURCES, PRECIPITATION, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, QUALITY OF WATER, RAINFALL, RESERVOIRS, RIPARIAN, RIPARIAN COUNTRIES, RIPARIAN STATE, RIPARIAN STATES, RIVER, RIVER AUTHORITY, RIVER BASIN, RIVER BASIN LEVEL, RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT, RIVER BASIN ORGANIZATIONS, RIVER BASINS, RIVER COMMISSION, RIVER FLOW, RIVERS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SALINE INTRUSION, SALINITY, SALINITY INTRUSION, SEA, SEDIMENT, SEDIMENT LOAD, SEDIMENTS, SUSTAINABLE HYDROPOWER, TRANSBOUNDARY RIVER BASINS, TRIBUTARIES, TRIBUTARY, USE OF WATER, WATER ALLOCATION, WATER ALLOCATION MECHANISMS, WATER AVAILABILITY, WATER BASINS, WATER DEMAND, WATER DIVERSIONS, WATER FLOW, WATER LAW, WATER LEVELS, WATER QUALITY, WATER QUANTITY, WATER RESOURCES, WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, WATER SHORTAGES, WATER USE, WATER USE FOR IRRIGATION, WATER USES, WATERS