Managing the Marine and Coastal Environment of Sub-Saharan Africa : Strategic Directions for Sustainable Development
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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The trends toward ecosystem degradation
and social change are affecting coastal areas around the
world, not least in Sub-Saharan Africa. The crisis affecting
this region's coastal and marine areas requires an
urgent and resolute response from the global community. This
report details the challenges facing coastal and marine
environments in Sub-Saharan Africa. It describes the World
Bank's strategy for supporting sustainable development
in the sector, while stressing an integrated approach to
coastal management in Sub-Saharan Africa, which will be
strategic in design, with both traditional investments in
fisheries, or coastal biodiversity, and creative
interventions for making large-scale investments in
infrastructure, or water "coastal friendly", to
avert impacts, while bringing tangible benefits to coastal
populations, and ecosystems.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURE, AQUACULTURE, BAYS, BEACH, BEACH EROSION, BEACHES, BIODIVERSITY, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, BIOMASS, BOUNDARIES, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, COASTAL AREAS, COASTAL COMMUNITIES, COASTAL DEVELOPMENT, COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS, COASTAL EROSION, COASTAL MANAGEMENT, COASTAL PROCESSES, COASTAL REGIONS, COASTAL RESOURCES, COASTAL WETLANDS, COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT, COASTS, COMMERCIAL FISHING, CONSERVATION, CONSTRUCTION, CORAL REEFS, CREEKS, CURRENTS, DEBRIS, DEFORESTATION, EARTH, EAST AFRICA, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECOSYSTEM, EFFLUENTS, EL NINO, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, EROSION CONTROL, ESTUARIES, FISH, FISHERIES, FISHERIES MANAGEMENT, FISHERS, FISHERY, FISHING, FISHING FLEET, FISHING VESSELS, FLOODING, FLOODS, FOOD PRODUCTION, FORESTS, FOSSIL FUELS, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GRAVEL, HUMAN ACTIVITIES, HUMAN ACTIVITY, INCOME, INDUSTRIAL WASTE, INUNDATION, INVASIVE SPECIES, JOINT IMPLEMENTATION, JUVENILE FISH, LAND AREA, LAND CLEARING, LAND SUBSIDENCE, MANGROVE, MANGROVES, MAP DESIGN, MARINE AREAS, MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, MARINE ENVIRONMENT, MARINE ENVIRONMENTS, MARINE HABITAT, MARINE HABITATS, MARINE MAMMALS, MARINE POLLUTION, MARINE PROTECTED AREAS, MARINE RESOURCES, MARPOL, MARSH, MINERALS, MITIGATION, NATURAL RESOURCE BASE, NATURAL RESOURCES, OCEAN CURRENTS, OCEANS, OIL, OIL REFINERIES, OIL SPILLS, OVERFISHING, PETROLEUM, PHOSPHATES, POINT, POLLUTION, POPULATION DENSITIES, POPULATION GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRAMS, PUBLIC HEALTH, RECYCLING, RESOURCE USE, RIVER SYSTEMS, RIVERS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SAND, SCIENCES, SEA, SEA LEVEL, SEA LEVEL RISE, SEAS, SHORELINE, SHRIMP, SOUTHERN AFRICA, STORM SURGES, SUBSIDENCE, SURFACE WATER, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE USE, TIMBER, TRAWLERS, WASTE DISPOSAL, WATERSHEDS, WAVES, WEST, WEST AFRICA, WIND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION, ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT, COASTAL ECOLOGY, MARINE BIOLOGY, INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT, STRATEGIC COORDINATION MECHANISMS, INVESTMENTS, TRADITIONAL FISHERMAN, INTERVENTION STRATEGIES, INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING