Pakistan : Promoting Rural Growth and Poverty Reduction
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Washington, DC
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This report shows that after a decade of
moderate growth but little or no long term change in rural
poverty in Pakistan, agricultural output, rural incomes,
rural poverty and social welfare indicators all showed
marked improvements between 2001-02 and 2004-05. However,
longer term trends suggest there is little reason for
complacency. The agricultural GDP per capita growth rate
(1999- 2000 to 2004-05) was only 0.3 percent per year; rural
poverty rates in 2004-05 are still at levels that
approximate those of the 1990s; and social welfare
indicators in Pakistan remain significantly below those of
other countries in south Asia. Moreover, problems related to
timing and availability of water for irrigation, inadequate
rural infrastructure, a skewed distribution of assets, and
low levels of health and education continue to slow the
progress of economic growth and poverty reduction.
Nonetheless, Pakistan has made important strides in the last
several years to promote rural growth and poverty reduction.
The study concludes that a comprehensive rural growth and
poverty reduction strategy is needed, predicated on four
main pillars: 1) Promoting efficient and sustainable
agricultural growth to raise incomes of small farmers and to
generate growth linkages in the rural non-farm economy; 2)
Creating an enabling environment for the rural non-farm
sector to enhance employment and incomes, and improving
rural public-service delivery in infrastructure, health,
education and population to serve as a foundation for growth
and to increase household welfare; 3) Improving the
effectiveness and governance of rural institutions through
the decentralization and strengthening of local demand for
enhanced accountability as well as through more proactive
use of public-private partnerships; 4) Empowering the poor
and protecting the most vulnerable through social
mobilization, safety nets and facilitating access to
productive assets for income generating activities.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL INCOMES, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, AGRICULTURAL LABORER, AGRICULTURAL LABORERS, AGRICULTURAL MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURE, ALTERNATIVE CROPS, ANIMAL PRODUCTS, ARABLE LAND, ASSET MANAGEMENT, CANAL SYSTEMS, CEREALS, CITIZEN, COMMERCIALIZATION, CONTRACT FARMING, COOPERATIVES, COTTON, COTTON PRODUCTION, CROP, CROP AGRICULTURE, CROP INCOME, CROP PRODUCTION, CROP TECHNOLOGY, CROP YIELDS, CROPS, CULTIVATION, DAIRY FARMERS, DAIRY PRODUCTS, DAM, DECENTRALIZATION, DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DISEASES, DIVERSIFICATION, DRAINAGE, DRIP IRRIGATION, DROUGHT, DRY LANDS, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, FAO, FARM, FARM ACTIVITIES, FARM ECONOMY, FARM HOUSEHOLDS, FARM INCOME, FARM SECTOR, FARMER, FARMER ASSOCIATIONS, FARMER INCOMES, FARMER ORGANIZATIONS, FARMERS, FARMERS ORGANIZATIONS, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATES, FISH, FODDER, FOOD QUALITY, FOOD SECURITY, FRUITS, FUTURE GROWTH, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, GRAIN, GROUNDWATER, HERDERS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HUMAN CAPITAL, IMMUNIZATION, INCOME, INCOME GROWTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME SHARES, INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INTEGRATION, IRRIGATION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LAND DISTRIBUTION, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND REFORM, LITERACY RATES, LIVE BIRTHS, LIVESTOCK, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, LIVING STANDARDS, MAIZE, MARKET EFFICIENCY, MARKETING, MEAT, MICRO-CREDIT, MIGRATION, MILK, OILSEEDS, PESTS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POOR, POOR FARMERS, POOR HOUSEHOLD, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, POPULATION GROWTH, POVERTY ESTIMATES, POVERTY LEVELS, POVERTY REDUCTION, POWER OUTAGES, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE TRANSFERS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC SPENDING, QUALITY CONTROL, REMITTANCES, RESOURCE CONSTRAINT, RICE, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL EMPLOYMENT, RURAL ENTERPRISES, RURAL GROWTH, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INCOME, RURAL INCOMES, RURAL INSTITUTIONS, RURAL INVESTMENT, RURAL LIVELIHOODS, RURAL PEOPLE, RURAL POOR, RURAL POOR HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POPULATION GROWTH, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY RATES, RURAL PUBLIC, RURAL SECTOR, RURAL SERVICE, RURAL SERVICE DELIVERY, RURAL VILLAGES, RURAL WELFARE, RURAL WELFARE INDICATORS, RURAL WOMEN, RURAL WORKING POPULATION, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NET PROGRAMS, SAFETY NETS, SAVINGS, SEED, SEED CERTIFICATION, SEED COTTON, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SHEEP, SMALL FARMERS, SOCIAL COHESION, SOCIAL MOBILIZATION, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL WELFARE, SOIL DEGRADATION, SOIL FERTILITY, SOUTH ASIAN, SUGAR, SUGAR CANE, SUNFLOWER, SUPPLY CHAINS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNICAL CAPACITY, TREATY, URBAN AREAS, URBAN MIGRATION, URBANIZATION, VEGETABLES, VETERINARY SERVICES, WAGE RATES, WATER AVAILABILITY, WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER SHORTAGES, WATER USE, WATER-INTENSIVE CROPS, WELFARE INDICATORS, WHEAT, WHEAT FLOUR, WHEAT MARKETS, WHEAT PRICES