Peru : Impact of the Rural Roads Program on Democracy and Citizenship in Rural Areas

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dc.contributorGlave, Marisa
dc.contributorPastor, Giannina
dc.creatorRemy Simatovia, María Isabel
dc.date2012-06-14T19:49:36Z
dc.date2012-06-14T19:49:36Z
dc.date2008-06
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:13:50Z
dc.descriptionThe rural roads program, overseen by Provias Descentralizado (subdivision of Peru's Ministry of Transportation and Communications), began in 1995, and has received funds from the Peruvian Government, the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. It is a national program for the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads that link rural communities and villages with secondary and principal roads, and through these, with towns and cities of the interior, thus expanding Peru's road network to the rural village level, especially in regions with greater levels of poverty. In its twelve years of existence, the program has been evaluated several times in terms of its impact on the economy (income levels, market dynamics), on gender equity, on the culture of the high Andes, on access to basic roads, and on rural living conditions (access to education, health, etc.). However, no effort had been made to systematically understand its impacts on democracy and the quality of citizenship exercised in rural areas. The study that is presented here, commissioned by the World Bank in February 2007, has sought to analyze PCR's impacts, using two general hypotheses that make it possible to explore the relationships between public roads and democracy. The first suggests that road integration, particularly the rehabilitation and maintenance of roads that link rural villages with district or provincial capitals, decreases the costs of democratic participation. In a context of increasing participatory supply, due to the ongoing recurrence of national and municipal electoral processes, as well as to the creation of new rights of participation, new roads allow rural residents to take part in democratic decision making processes without having to incur significantly higher costs than those of residents of urban centers. The second hypothesis is more specific to the Peru Rural Roads Program (PCR, for its Spanish acronym); it suggests that the way in which the program operates, its institutional arrangements and the institutions to which it provides its services, strengthens democracy, and local civil society, strengthens new leaders, improves local management skills, and aids in political inclusion, particularly that of more vulnerable sectors.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9795632/peru-impact-rural-roads-program-democracy-citizenship-rural-areas
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/8080
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/8080
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/416309
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectABUSE
dc.subjectACCESS TO EDUCATION
dc.subjectACCESSIBILITY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL LAND
dc.subjectARMED CONFLICT
dc.subjectBY ELECTIONS
dc.subjectCANDIDATES
dc.subjectCITIZEN
dc.subjectCITIZEN PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectCITIZEN POWER
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCITIZENSHIP
dc.subjectCIVIL SOCIETY
dc.subjectCIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectCOERCION
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectCONSTITUENT
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDECISION-MAKING PROCESSES
dc.subjectDEMOCRACY
dc.subjectDEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectDEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT EFFORTS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT PLANNING
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT PLANS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
dc.subjectDIRECT DEMOCRACY
dc.subjectDISSEMINATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESOURCES
dc.subjectELECTION
dc.subjectELECTIONS
dc.subjectELECTORAL PROCESSES
dc.subjectELECTORAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectEXTREME POVERTY
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectGENDER DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectGENDER EQUITY
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT AGENCIES
dc.subjectHEALTH CENTERS
dc.subjectHIGHWAY
dc.subjectHIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectHIGHWAY PROJECTS
dc.subjectHIGHWAYS
dc.subjectHOSPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX
dc.subjectILLITERACY
dc.subjectINCLUSION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINDIGENOUS PEOPLES
dc.subjectLARGE CITIES
dc.subjectLARGE NUMBER OF WOMEN
dc.subjectLATIN AMERICAN
dc.subjectLEGISLATION
dc.subjectLEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectLEVEL OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLIVESTOCK PRODUCTS
dc.subjectLIVING CONDITIONS
dc.subjectLOCAL AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectLOCAL COMMUNITY
dc.subjectLOCAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectLOCAL REPRESENTATIVES
dc.subjectMANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
dc.subjectMANDATES
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF TRANSPORT
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectMODERNIZATION
dc.subjectMUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectNATIONAL EFFORTS
dc.subjectNATIONAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subjectNATIONAL POLICY
dc.subjectNATIONAL POPULATION
dc.subjectNUMBER OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectNUMBER OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS
dc.subjectPARTICIPATION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPATHS
dc.subjectPATRONAGE
dc.subjectPOLITICAL CONTROL
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL RIGHTS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectPOOR
dc.subjectPOPULAR PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectPOPULATION SIZE
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subjectPOWER RELATIONS
dc.subjectPRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
dc.subjectPUBLIC OFFICIALS
dc.subjectPUBLIC ROADS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVANTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC WORKS
dc.subjectQUALITATIVE INFORMATION
dc.subjectQUALITY OF LIFE
dc.subjectRAILROAD
dc.subjectRAILROADS
dc.subjectRAINFOREST
dc.subjectREDUCTION IN TRAVEL
dc.subjectREPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectREPRESENTATIVES
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectROAD MAINTENANCE
dc.subjectROAD MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectROAD NETWORK
dc.subjectROAD NETWORKS
dc.subjectROAD PROJECTS
dc.subjectROAD SYSTEM
dc.subjectROAD WORKS
dc.subjectROUTE
dc.subjectROUTES
dc.subjectRURAL
dc.subjectRURAL ACTORS
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL COMMUNITIES
dc.subjectRURAL DISTRICTS
dc.subjectRURAL ELECTRIFICATION
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectRURAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectRURAL PEOPLES
dc.subjectRURAL POPULATION
dc.subjectRURAL POPULATIONS
dc.subjectRURAL PROVINCES
dc.subjectRURAL RESIDENTS
dc.subjectRURAL ROAD
dc.subjectRURAL ROAD CONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectRURAL ROADS
dc.subjectRURAL SETTINGS
dc.subjectRURAL TOWNS
dc.subjectRURAL VILLAGES
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectSET OF RECOMMENDATIONS
dc.subjectSKILLS DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSMALL VILLAGES
dc.subjectSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSOCIAL IMPACT
dc.subjectSOCIAL POLICIES
dc.subjectSOCIAL POLICY
dc.subjectSOCIAL SCIENCES
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSYNERGY
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectTECHNICAL TRAINING
dc.subjectTRAILS
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT CONDITIONS
dc.subjectTRAVEL TIME
dc.subjectTRIP
dc.subjectUNIONS
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN CENTERS
dc.subjectURBAN POPULATION
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectVOTER PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectWOMEN LEADERS
dc.titlePeru : Impact of the Rural Roads Program on Democracy and Citizenship in Rural Areas
dc.titleImpacto del programa caminos rurales sobre la democracia y la ciudadania en el ambito rural del Peru

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