How Widespread Were Private Investment and Regulatory Reform in Infrastructure Utilities During the 1990s?

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dc.creatorEstache, Antonio
dc.creatorGoicoechea, Ana
dc.date2012-06-25T15:56:16Z
dc.date2012-06-25T15:56:16Z
dc.date2005-05
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:29:12Z
dc.descriptionThis note provides a snapshot as of 2004 of the share of countries with an independent regulatory agency and with at least some private sector financing of its sectoral investment needs for electricity, water and sanitation, and telecommunications. Among other things, they show that: For respectively, electricity, water and sanitation, and telecommunications, 51 percent, 21 percent, and 66 percent of the developing countries in the sample have an independent regulator, that is, an agency separate from a ministry and from the operator. For respectively, electricity generation, electricity distribution, water and sanitation, and telecommunications, 47 percent, 36 percent, 35 percent, and 59 percent of the developing countries in the sample have at least some private sector financing. The shares of both agencies and private sector involvement tend to increase with income levels. Latin and Central America and Eastern Europe are outliers among regions as almost systematically they have among the highest shares for both indicators across sectors (except water).
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/05/5800543/widespread-private-investment-regulatory-reform-infrastructure-utilities-during-1990s
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/8942
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3595
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/418515
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 3595
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectCIVIL SOCIETY
dc.subjectCONVERGENCE
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDIFFUSION
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectGAMBIA
dc.subjectHIGH INCOME
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectLIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectLOW INCOME
dc.subjectLOW INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMANAGEMENT
dc.subjectMIDDLE INCOME
dc.subjectNORTH AFRICA
dc.subjectPOINT
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectSELECTION BIAS
dc.subjectSERVICE
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectWATER SERVICES
dc.subjectWATER SUPPLY
dc.titleHow Widespread Were Private Investment and Regulatory Reform in Infrastructure Utilities During the 1990s?

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