Labor Market Institutions : A Review of the Literature

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dc.creatorBetcherman, Gordon
dc.date2013-12-17T15:45:20Z
dc.date2013-12-17T15:45:20Z
dc.date2012-11
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:50:33Z
dc.descriptionThis paper reviews the findings of more than 150 studies on the impacts of four types of labor market institutions: minimum wages, employment protection regulation, unions and collective bargaining, and mandated benefits. The review places particular emphasis on results from developing countries. Impacts studied are on living standards (employment and earnings effects), productivity, and social cohesion, to the extent that this has been analyzed. Strong and opposing views are held on the costs and benefits of labor market institutions. On balance, the results of this review suggest that, in most cases, the impacts of these institutions are smaller than the heat of the debates would suggest. Efficiency effects of labor market regulations and collective bargaining are sometimes found but not always, and the effects can be in either direction and are usually modest. Distributional impacts are clearer, with two effects predominating: an equalizing effect among covered workers but groups such as youth, women, and the less skilled disproportionately outside the coverage and its benefits. While the overall conclusion is one of modest effects in most cases, this does not mean that impacts cannot be more dramatic where regulations are set or institutions operate in ways that exacerbate the labor market imperfections that they were designed to address.
dc.formattext/plain
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/16382
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6276
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/411813
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, D.C.
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper;No.6276
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectaccess to employment
dc.subjectactive labor
dc.subjectactive labor market
dc.subjectactive labor market programs
dc.subjectadverse effects
dc.subjectAggregate employment
dc.subjectassessing labor market
dc.subjectbargaining power
dc.subjectbusiness cycle
dc.subjectcapital investments
dc.subjectcivil unrest
dc.subjectcollective agreements
dc.subjectcollective bargaining
dc.subjectcollective dismissal
dc.subjectcompetitive equilibrium
dc.subjectcompetitive labor markets
dc.subjectcompetitive market
dc.subjectcrises
dc.subjectcultural values
dc.subjectCurrent Population
dc.subjectdeveloping countries
dc.subjectDevelopment Economics
dc.subjectdiscrimination
dc.subjectdismissal
dc.subjectdismissals
dc.subjectdisplaced workers
dc.subjectdrivers
dc.subjectearning
dc.subjectEarnings inequality
dc.subjecteconomic efficiency
dc.subjecteconomic policies
dc.subjectemployee
dc.subjectemployer behavior
dc.subjectemployer-employee relationship
dc.subjectemployers
dc.subjectemployment
dc.subjectemployment contracts
dc.subjectemployment dynamics
dc.subjectemployment effect
dc.subjectemployment effects
dc.subjectemployment impact
dc.subjectemployment impacts
dc.subjectemployment levels
dc.subjectEmployment of women
dc.subjectemployment opportunities
dc.subjectemployment performance
dc.subjectemployment practices
dc.subjectemployment protection legislation
dc.subjectemployment protection rules
dc.subjectEmployment Research
dc.subjectEmployment stability
dc.subjectEmployment status
dc.subjectequality of opportunity
dc.subjectexogenous variables
dc.subjectfamily formation
dc.subjectfamily ties
dc.subjectfiring
dc.subjectfiring costs
dc.subjectfirm entry
dc.subjectformal labor market
dc.subjecthigh unemployment
dc.subjecthigh unemployment rates
dc.subjecthiring
dc.subjecthuman capital
dc.subjectimmigrants
dc.subjectimperfect information
dc.subjectincome
dc.subjectincome distribution
dc.subjectincome inequality
dc.subjectindustrial relations
dc.subjectindustrialization
dc.subjectinformal employment
dc.subjectinformal sector
dc.subjectinformal sector workers
dc.subjectinnovation
dc.subjectjob creation
dc.subjectjob destruction
dc.subjectjob loss
dc.subjectjob opportunities
dc.subjectjob performance
dc.subjectjob security
dc.subjectjob security regulations
dc.subjectjob tenure
dc.subjectJobs
dc.subjectlabor codes
dc.subjectlabor costs
dc.subjectlabor demand
dc.subjectlabor force
dc.subjectlabor force participation
dc.subjectlabor laws
dc.subjectlabor legislation
dc.subjectLabor Market
dc.subjectLabor Market Institutions
dc.subjectlabor market outcome
dc.subjectlabor market outcomes
dc.subjectlabor market performance
dc.subjectlabor market regulation
dc.subjectlabor market regulations
dc.subjectlabor markets
dc.subjectlabor productivity
dc.subjectlabor productivity growth
dc.subjectlabor reallocation
dc.subjectlabor regulations
dc.subjectlabor relations
dc.subjectlabor standards
dc.subjectlabor supply
dc.subjectlabor turnover
dc.subjectlabour
dc.subjectlabour market
dc.subjectlabour market performance
dc.subjectLabour Studies
dc.subjectlaid-off workers
dc.subjectlayoffs
dc.subjectlevel of development
dc.subjectliving standards
dc.subjectlong-term unemployment
dc.subjectlow unemployment
dc.subjectlow-income countries
dc.subjectlow-wage employment
dc.subjectmandated benefits
dc.subjectmarket failures
dc.subjectmarket liberalization
dc.subjectminimum wage
dc.subjectminimum wages
dc.subjectmultifactor productivity
dc.subjectmultifactor productivity growth
dc.subjectperfect competition
dc.subjectpermanent employment
dc.subjectpermanent jobs
dc.subjectpermanent worker
dc.subjectpermanent workers
dc.subjectpersonnel
dc.subjectpolicy implications
dc.subjectPolicy Research
dc.subjectPolicy Research Working Paper
dc.subjectpolitical economy
dc.subjectpolitical process
dc.subjectpresent value
dc.subjectprimary source
dc.subjectprivate sectors
dc.subjectproduct market
dc.subjectproduct market regulations
dc.subjectproductivity effect
dc.subjectproductivity effects
dc.subjectproductivity growth
dc.subjectproductivity levels
dc.subjectprogress
dc.subjectquantitative indicators
dc.subjectquantitative measures
dc.subjectregular contracts
dc.subjectrespect
dc.subjectrule of law
dc.subjectsafety
dc.subjectseverance arrangements
dc.subjectseverance payments
dc.subjectsocial benefits
dc.subjectsocial capital
dc.subjectsocial cohesion
dc.subjectsocial inclusion
dc.subjectsocial policy
dc.subjectsocial returns
dc.subjectState Intervention
dc.subjectstructural unemployment
dc.subjectsubstitution effect
dc.subjectteenage employment
dc.subjectteenagers
dc.subjecttemporary employment
dc.subjecttemporary jobs
dc.subjecttemporary workers
dc.subjecttermination
dc.subjecttotal factor productivity
dc.subjecttrade unions
dc.subjecttraining costs
dc.subjectunemployment
dc.subjectunemployment insurance
dc.subjectunemployment rate
dc.subjectunintended consequences
dc.subjectunion density
dc.subjectunion membership
dc.subjectunion wage premium
dc.subjectunionization
dc.subjectunskilled labor
dc.subjectunskilled workers
dc.subjectvulnerable groups
dc.subjectwage bargaining
dc.subjectwage compression
dc.subjectwage differentials
dc.subjectwage dispersion
dc.subjectwage distribution
dc.subjectwage effect
dc.subjectwage effects
dc.subjectwage floors
dc.subjectwage gains
dc.subjectwage increases
dc.subjectwage inequality
dc.subjectwage losses
dc.subjectwage policies
dc.subjectwage premium
dc.subjectwage premiums
dc.subjectWar
dc.subjectworker
dc.subjectworkers
dc.subjectworking conditions
dc.subjectworking poor
dc.subjectyoung people
dc.subjectyouth employment
dc.subjectyouth labor
dc.subjectyouth unemployment
dc.titleLabor Market Institutions : A Review of the Literature

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