Climate Change Impacts on Rural Poverty in Low-Elevation Coastal Zones
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper identifies the low-elevation
coastal zone populations and developing regions most
vulnerable to sea-level rise and other coastal hazards, such
as storm surges, coastal erosion, and salt-water intrusion.
The focus is on the rural poor in the low-elevation coastal
zone, as their economic livelihoods are especially
endangered directly by coastal hazards and indirectly
through the impacts of climate change on key coastal and
near-shore ecosystems. Using geo-spatially referenced
malnutrition and infant mortality data for 2000 as a proxy
for poverty, this study finds that just 15 developing
countries contain over 90 percent of the world’s
low-elevation coastal zone rural poor. Low-income countries
as a group have the highest incidence of poverty, which
declines somewhat for lower-middle-income countries, and
then is much lower for upper-middle-income economies. South
Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, and Sub-Saharan Africa
account for most of the world’s low-elevation coastal zone
rural poor, and have a high incidence of poverty among their
rural low-elevation coastal zone populations. Although
fostering growth, especially in coastal areas, may reduce
rural poverty in the low-elevation coastal zone, additional
policy actions will be required to protect vulnerable
communities from disasters, to conserve and restore key
coastal and near-shore ecosystems, and to promote key
infrastructure investments and coastal community response capability.
Palabras clave
FLOODING, INFANT MORTALITY RATES, FISH, WETLAND RESTORATION, INFANT MORTALITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, CULTURAL VALUES, URBANIZATION, ADVERSE IMPACTS, COASTAL HABITATS, PARKS, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, STORMS, LIVE BIRTHS, HYDROLOGY, SEAGRASSES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, HABITATS, MONITORING, MARINE RESOURCES, SHORELINES, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, COASTAL ZONE, MALNOURISHED CHILDREN, LEVELS OF INFANT, MANGROVES, BAY, ALLEVIATION OF POVERTY, QUALITY, RURAL POPULATION, VULNERABILITY, SHORE, SAFETY NETS, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, RESOURCE USE, HABITAT DEGRADATION, HUMAN ACTIVITIES, SEDIMENT, RURAL POPULATIONS, COASTAL ZONES, MARINE SCIENCE, RURAL‐POPULATION, COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, STUDY AREA, SEA‐LEVEL, NATURAL DISASTER, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, POPULATION GROWTH, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, FLOODS, HABITAT QUALITY, SEA‐ LEVEL, COASTAL EROSION, MIGRATION, BIODIVERSITY, NATURAL DISASTERS, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, WAVES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, POLLUTION, SEAGRASS BEDS, DISASTERS, MORTALITY RATE, INDICATORS, VICIOUS CYCLE, ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS, NATURAL RESOURCES, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, PRECIPITATION, URBAN DWELLERS, MORTALITY, COASTAL AREAS, LAND USE, PROGRESS, INFANT MORTALITY, POPULATION TRENDS, INFANT, ECOSYSTEM, SALTWATER INTRUSION, NATIONAL PARKS, MARSH, RURAL COMMUNITIES, VEGETATION, STUDIES, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, POLICIES, CLIMATE CHANGE, BEACHES, FRESHWATER, WETLAND VEGETATION, DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATIONS, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, COASTAL STORMS, COASTAL WETLANDS, CLIMATE, FORESTS, BARRIER ISLANDS, RURAL POVERTY, URBAN AREAS, LAND AREA, MARSHES, SEA‐LEVEL RISE, POLLUTANTS, AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL LAND, FOREST, LAND‐AREA, PONDS, NUTRITION, DIKES, POPULATIONS, ESTUARINE, SALT MARSHES, STRATIFICATION, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, FOOD, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, BULLETIN, ISLANDS, POLICY, MARINE SYSTEMS, FISH POPULATIONS, FISHERIES, DATA SETS, EROSION, BOTANY, SEA LEVEL, LAND, ECOSYSTEMS, RESOLUTION, MANGROVE WETLANDS, SALINITY, ANALYSIS, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, COAST, GROUND WATER, ESTUARIES, RURAL AREAS, CONSERVATION, WETLAND, BROOKS, COASTAL REGION, LAM, ECOLOGY, SALT MARSH, NUMBER OF DEATHS, WETLANDS ECOLOGY, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, POPULATION, SEA‐ LEVEL RISE, RESTORATION, POLICY RESEARCH, POPULATION DATA, URBAN POPULATIONS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, WETLANDS, SEA LEVEL, LIVE BIRTHS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, RIVER