Developing a Program for Contaminated Site Management in Low and Middle Income Countries
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World Bank Group, Washington, DC
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Contaminated sites associated with
economic growth and development and increased urbanization
pose a growing public health and environmental problem.
Emissions and discharges, particularly uncontrolled ones,
onto land can pollute the soil and the groundwater beneath,
and can also affect surface water quality and sediments in
nearby rivers and streams. This document is intended to
summarize the rationale and the major policy, regulatory,
implementation, and organizational issues involved in
creating a contaminated site program, especially for low and
middle income countries. The document offers alternatives
regarding the design and implementation of such a program.
It provides an action agenda of short- and longer-term
activities to be considered when establishing a contaminated
site program. In addition to providing some optional
approaches for the many policy and programmatic issues, the
document provides numerous references from the experience of
other country programs to draw upon in considering program
options. The document is intended to help support World Bank
staff or other international financial institutions and
assistance agencies in their dialogues with governmental
officials in low and middle income countries regarding
specific options and steps on developing or implementing
contaminated sites programs in their countries. It is also
relevant for governmental agencies in these countries
responsible for site contamination and pollution management,
land use planning, and site development at local and
national levels. The document is organized in the following
chapters: chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two is
setting policy and legislative framework which highlights
the development of policy and legislative purpose,
principles, strategy and design, and related legislation.
Chapter three is regulatory issues which presents major
topics that may be the subject of regulations by a ministry
or agency. Chapter four is contaminated site program
management which presents management, organizational, and
operational issues, including issues of coordination and
partnerships within branches of government and with other
stakeholders. Chapter five is action agenda for contaminated
site program which provides the development of an action
agenda of short- and longer-term actions to be considered in
forming a contaminated site program, including creation of a
national management plan for contaminated sites.
Palabras clave
ABBREVIATIONS, ACCIDENTAL RELEASES, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, ARRANGEMENTS, ARSENIC, ARTICLE, ASBESTOS, AUDITING, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BROWNFIELD, BROWNFIELDS, CARBON, CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS, CIVIL SOCIETY, CLASSIFICATION, CLEANUP PROCESS, CLEANUP SITES, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, CONSUMER PROTECTION, CONTENTS, COST SAVINGS, DECISION MAKING, DESCRIPTION, DESIGNATIONS, DISASTERS, DOCUMENTS, DRINKING WATER, DRY CLEANING, DUMP, DUMP SITES, ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPACTS, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT, EFFECTIVE USE, EMERGENCY PLANNING, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSIONS, ENTRY, ENVIRONMENT AGENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANUP, ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN, ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL INSURANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL REGIMES, ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES, ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS, ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, ENVIRONMENTS, EXERCISES, EXPLOSIVES, FAMILIES, FARMS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FISHERIES, FOOD SECURITY, FOREST RESOURCES, GROUND WATER, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION, GROUNDWATER POLLUTION, HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, HAZARDOUS WASTE, HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT, HAZARDOUS WASTES, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH RISKS, HEAVY METALS, HOLISTIC APPROACH, HUMAN HEALTH, INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES, INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION, INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES, INDUSTRIAL SITES, INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE, INDUSTRIAL WASTES, INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, INTERVENTION, IRON, LAND USE, LANDFILL, LANDFILL SITES, LANDFILLS, LAWS, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY, MERCURY, METAL, MILITARY BASES, MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, NATURAL RESOURCES, OIL, OPEN DUMPS, PAINT, PESTICIDES, POLLUTANTS, POLLUTION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, POLLUTION PROBLEMS, PROPERTY VALUES, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, QUALITY STANDARDS, RECLAMATION, RECREATION, RECYCLING, REMEDIATION, REPOSITORY, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RISK ASSESSMENT, RISK MANAGEMENT, SCREENING, SEWAGE, SITE, SLUDGE, SOIL POLLUTION, SOLVENTS, STREAMS, SURFACE WATER, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE USE, TOXICOLOGY, URBAN ENVIRONMENT, URBAN POLLUTION, WASTE, WASTE DISPOSAL, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, WASTEWATER, WATER POLLUTION, WATER QUALITY, WATER RESOURCES, WATER SUPPLY, WEB