Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change: Ethiopia, Volume 2. Annexes
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
The report is part of a broader study,
the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC), which
has two objectives: (a) to develop a global estimate of
adaptation costs for informing international climate
negotiations; and (b) to help decision makers in developing
countries assess the risks posed by climate change and
design national strategies for adapting to it. This paper is
one of a series of country-level studies, where national
data were disaggregated to more local and sector levels,
helping to understand adaptation from a bottom-up
perspective. Ethiopia is heavily dependent on rainfed
agriculture. Its geographical location and topography in
combination with low adaptive capacity entail a high
vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. Historically
the country has been prone to extreme weather variability.
Rainfall is highly erratic, most rain falls with high
intensity, and there is a high degree of variability in both
time and space. Since the early 1980s, the country has
suffered seven major droughts five of which have led to
famines in addition to dozens of local droughts. Major
floods also occurred in different parts of the country in
1988, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 2006. Climate projections
obtained from the GCMs referred to above suggest an increase
in rainfall variability with a rising frequency of both
severe flooding and droughts due to global warming.
Palabras clave
ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, ANNUAL RUNOFF, AQUIFERS, ARID REGIONS, ATMOSPHERE, AVAILABLE WATER, BASIN POPULATION, BASINS, BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, BROAD RANGE, CALCULATION, CALIBRATION, CATCHMENT, CATCHMENT AREA, CHEMICAL PROCESSES, CHEMICALS, CLAY, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGES, CLIMATE EFFECTS, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATIC REGIONS, CO, CO2, COLORS, CONDUCTIVITY, CONJUNCTIVE USE, CONSTRUCTION, COVERING, CREEKS, CROP PRODUCTION, CROP YIELDS, DAILY PRECIPITATION, DAMS, DEEP PERCOLATION, DEMAND ESTIMATES, DEMAND FOR WATER, DESALINATION, DESALINATION PLANTS, DIESEL, DIRECT RUNOFF, DISCHARGE, DISTRIBUTION OF WATER, DOWNSTREAM COUNTRIES, DOWNSTREAM FLOWS, DRAINAGE, DROUGHT, DROUGHT SEVERITY, ECOSYSTEM, ELECTRICITY, ENERGY PRODUCTION, ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, EVAPORATION, EVAPORATION REDUCTION, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, EXPORT, FARMERS, FERTILIZATION, FIELD CAPACITY, FOOD SECURITY, FRESHWATER, FRESHWATER MANAGEMENT, GCM, GRAVITY, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER PUMPING, GROUNDWATER RECHARGE, GROUNDWATER RESOURCES, GROUNDWATER STORAGE, HC, HYDROLOGIC MODELS, HYDROLOGY, HYDROPOWER CAPACITY, HYDROPOWER PROJECT, IMPORTS, IRRIGATION, LAKES, LAND USE, MANAGING WATER RESOURCES, MOISTURE CONTENT, ORGANIC MATTER, OXYGEN, PALMER DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX, PE, PERCOLATION, PET, POLLUTION, PONDING, PRECIPITATION, PRECIPITATION AMOUNT, PROGRAMS, PUMPING, RAIN, RAIN GAUGE, RAIN GAUGE DATA, RAINFALL, RELATIVE HUMIDITY, RESERVOIRS, RESOURCE CONSERVATION, RIVER BASIN, RIVERS, ROOT ZONE, RUNOFF, SAND, SNOW, SNOWMELT, SOIL MOISTURE, SOIL PROFILE, SPRING, STORAGE CAPACITY, STREAMFLOW, SURFACE WATER, SUSTAINABLE WATER USE, TEMPERATURE, TEMPERATURE CHANGE, TROPICS, WASTEWATER, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES, WATER ALLOCATION, WATER CONSERVATION, WATER CONTENT, WATER DEMAND, WATER DEVELOPMENT, WATER FLOWS, WATER INTAKE, WATER LOSSES, WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER QUALITY, WATER RECYCLING, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCES, WATER RESOURCES PLANNING, WATER RIGHTS, WATER SECTOR, WATER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, WATER STORAGE, WATER SUPPLY, WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS, WATER SYSTEMS, WATER TABLE, WATER TRANSFERS, WATER TRANSPORT, WATER USE, WATER USE PATTERNS, WATER WITHDRAWALS, WATERSHED, WEATHER CHANGES, WIND