Republic of Lebanon--Good Jobs Needed : The Role of Macro, Investment, Education, Labor and Social Protection Policies
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Washington, DC
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This report develops a strategy to
support employment creation in Lebanon and improve labor
market opportunities for its work force. The analysis is
based on a new survey of the labor force and employers, and
a General Equilibrium Model of the Lebanese economy, both
developed in the context of this Technical Cooperation
Program. The policy recommendations are the result of
consultations with counterparts and different stakeholders.
The report is organized in six chapters. Chapter 1
summarizes the main findings of the analysis and policy
recommendations. Chapter 2 analyzes the main characteristics
of the Lebanese labor market and identifies key issues that
require attention. Chapter 3 focuses on ways to improve
macroeconomic conditions and investment opportunities in
order to enhance growth potential and promote the creation
of high quality jobs. Chapter 4 discusses how current
initiatives regarding active labor market programs (ALMPs)
could be transformed into an integrated system of employment
and training services that would be managed and monitored by
the public employment agency (the National Employment
Office) but implemented by private providers that would help
individuals access jobs - whether wage or self-employment.
Chapter 5 deals with the labor market distortions created by
social insurance and regulations on types of contracts,
dismissal procedures, and minimum wages. Finally, Chapter 6
analyses the potential impacts on labor market outcomes of
alternative macroeconomic and social insurance policies
based on the general equilibrium model.
Palabras clave
ABUSE, ACCESS TO FINANCE, ACCOUNTING, ACTIVE LABOR, ACTIVE LABOR MARKET, ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS, ADULT WORKER, ADULT WORKERS, AGE GROUP, AGE GROUPS, AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, BANKRUPTCY, BANKS, BARGAINING, BARGAINING POWER, BORROWING, CAPITAL FORMATION, CHILDBEARING, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS, CONTRIBUTION RATE, CORRUPTION, CREATING JOBS, CREDIT BUREAUS, CREDIT LINES, CURRENT ACCOUNT, DEBT, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEPOSITS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISMISSAL, DIVERSIFICATION, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC POLICIES, EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMPLOYABILITY, EMPLOYEE, EMPLOYER, EMPLOYERS, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT CREATION, EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS, EMPLOYMENT LEVELS, EMPLOYMENT OFFICE, EMPLOYMENT OFFICES, EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM, EMPLOYMENT SERVICES, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, EMPLOYMENT TRAINING, ENROLLMENT, ENROLLMENTS, ENTREPRENEURS, ENTRY RATE, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPENDITURES, EXPLICIT SUBSIDIES, FEMALE POPULATION, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATE, FERTILITY RATES, FINANCES, FIRST UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL, FISCAL POLICY, FISCAL RESOURCES, FIXED CAPITAL, FLOW OF MIGRANTS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN LABOR, FOREIGN LANGUAGE, FORMAL EDUCATION, GENDER, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH REFORM, HEALTH SERVICES, HIGH ENTRY RATE, HIGH ENTRY RATES, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, IMMIGRANTS, IMMIGRATION, INCOME TAX, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, INNOVATION, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSURANCE POLICIES, INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES, JOB CREATION, JOB OPPORTUNITY, JOB SEARCH, JOB SEARCH PROCESS, JOB SECURITY, JOB SEEKERS, JOBS, JOBS CREATION, KEY CHALLENGES, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR ECONOMICS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE GROWTH, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, LABOR MARKET SUCCESS, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR MOBILITY, LABOR ORGANIZATION, LABOR REGULATIONS, LABOUR, LABOUR MARKET, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVING CONDITIONS, MIGRATION, MINIMUM WAGE, MINIMUM WAGES, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MOTIVATION, MULTIPLIER EFFECT, NET JOB CREATION, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF MIGRANTS, OLDER WORKERS, ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, PAYROLL TAX, PENSIONS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH RATE, PREVIOUS SUBSECTION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIVATE CREDIT, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE INVESTMENTS, PRIVATE PROVIDERS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES, PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES, PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE, PROPERTY AS COLLATERAL, PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, PUBLIC INVESTMENTS, PUBLIC SERVICES, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, REAL ESTATE, REAL WAGES, RESPECT, RETAIL TRADE, RETIREMENT, SAFETY, SAVINGS, SAVINGS ACCOUNTS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SELF EMPLOYED, SELF EMPLOYMENT, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED WORKERS, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL WELFARE, SOURCES OF INCOME, TARGETING PROGRAMS, TECHNICAL SKILLS, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY LEVEL, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TRAINING CENTERS, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRAINING PROVIDERS, TRAINING SERVICES, TRANSPARENT SYSTEM, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT, UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT SYSTEM, UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL, UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS, UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VOUCHER, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, WAGE EMPLOYMENT, WAGE SUBSIDIES, WORK FORCE, WORKER, WORKERS, WORKING CONDITIONS, WORKING HOURS, YOUNG WOMEN, YOUNG WORKERS, YOUTH EMPLOYMENT