Environmental Issues in the Power Sector : Long-Term Impacts and Policy Options for Rajasthan
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Washington, DC
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Recognizing the links between
electricity development, and the environment, the Bank, in
cooperation with the Government of India and the State
governments of Karnataka and Rajasthan, implemented
assessments of environmental policies in the Power Sector in
the Indian states of Karnataka and Rajasthan. This work for
the State of Rajasthan is designed to examine, and quantify
a broad number of options for reducing the environmental
impacts of power development in general, and power reform in
particular. The strategic objective is to provide the
analytical basis for assisting these states develop power
sector policies, and strategies that are environmentally
sustainable. The study begins by evaluating the impacts of
the baseline reform scenario, and then perturbs this
scenario for the options examined, including a scenario of
"stalled reform," to enable assessment of the
costs, and benefits of reform. Because Rajasthan has already
implemented significant reform measures, "no
reform" (as used in the original 1998 EIPS study) is
not a useful scenario. The major findings of this study may
be summarized as follows: 1) Power sector reform is the
single most important step that may be taken to mitigate the
environmental impacts of the power sector. The difference in
emissions (and damage costs) between reform, and stalled
reform far exceeds the difference across all other options,
such as DSM, or the use of renewables. 2) The further
addition of environmental benefits yields the social net
benefit. The only (significant) winners of stalled reform
are the pilferers, who would benefit from the failure to
further reduce non-technical losses. Unless the reforms
progress to completion, all other stakeholders, including
the environment, would lose.
Palabras clave
ACID RAIN, AGRICULTURE, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, ASH, BASINS, BIDDING, BIOGAS, CALORIFIC VALUE, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARBON, CENTRAL ASIAN, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, COAL, COLORS, COMBUSTION, CONSTRUCTION, CONSUMER GROUPS, CONSUMERS, CONSUMPTION INCREASES, DAMAGES, DESULFURIZATION, DEVELOPMENT/THE, DISCOUNT RATE, DIVIDENDS, DROUGHT, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ECONOMICS, ELASTICITIES, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY DEMAND, EMISSIONS, ENERGY SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, EQUILIBRIUM, EVAPORATION, EXTERNALITIES, EXTERNALITY, FORECASTS, FUELS, GDP, GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES, GREENHOUSE GAS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER TABLE, INCOME, INDUSTRIAL SECTOR, INEFFICIENCY, INSOLATION, INSURANCE, IPCC, IRON, MARGINAL COST, MARKET LIBERALIZATION, MINES, MOISTURE CONTENT, MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY, NEGOTIATIONS, NITROGEN, NITROGEN OXIDES, NOX, NUCLEAR POWER, OIL, OPEC, OPPORTUNITY COST, OPPORTUNITY COSTS, OPTIMIZATION, ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES, PARTICULATE MATTER, PARTICULATES, PIPELINES, POLLUTION CONTROL, POWER GENERATION, POWER PLANTS, POWER STATIONS, POWER UTILITIES, PRESENT VALUE, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCERS, PUMP EFFICIENCY, PUMPS, PURCHASING POWER, RENEWABLE ENERGY, SO2, SOX, SULFUR, SULFUR EMISSIONS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, THERMAL POWER, TRANSFER PAYMENTS, TRANSPORTATION, VALUATION, VARIABLE COSTS, WIND POWER