Cash Transfers and Child Labor
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Cash transfer programs are widely used
in settings where child labor is prevalent. Although many of
these programs are explicitly implemented to improve
children's welfare, in theory their impact on child
labor is undetermined. This paper systematically reviews the
empirical evidence on the impact of cash transfers,
conditional and unconditional, on child labor. The authors
find no evidence that cash transfer interventions increase
child labor in practice. On the contrary, there is broad
evidence that conditional and unconditional cash transfers
lower both children's participation in child labor and
hours worked and cushion the effect of economic shocks that
may lead households to use child labor as a coping strategy.
Boys experience particularly strong decreases in economic
activities, girls in household chores. The findings
underline the usefulness of cash transfers as a relatively
safe policy instrument to improve child welfare, but also
point to knowledge gaps, for instance regarding the
interplay between cash transfers and other interventions,
that should be addressed in future evaluations to provide
detailed policy advice.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, ADOLESCENT GIRLS, ADOLESCENTS, AGRICULTURAL SHOCKS, BANK POLICY, BASIC RIGHTS, BENEFICIAL EFFECTS, BENEFICIARIES, BENEFICIARY, BUDGET CONSTRAINT, BUDGET CONSTRAINTS, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CASH TRANSFER, CASH TRANSFERS, CHILD CARE, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD LABOR, CHILD LABOR LAWS, CHILD LABOUR, CHILD PARTICIPATION, CHILD SUPPORT, CHILD WELFARE, COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW, CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING, CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD, CREDIT CONSTRAINTS, CREDIT RATIONING, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS, DIRECT INVESTMENTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS, ECONOMIC THEORY, ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOR, EMPLOYMENT, EXPENDITURE, EXPENDITURES, EXTERNALITIES, FACE VALUE, FAMILY MEMBER, FAMILY MEMBERS, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM, HOUSEHOLD BUSINESS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCES, INCOME, INCOME LEVEL, INCOME SHOCKS, INCOME STREAM, INSTRUMENT, INSURANCE, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR LAWS, LABOR MARKET, LABOR ORGANIZATION, LABOR SUPPLY, LEGISLATION, LEVY, MICROFINANCE, NATURAL DISASTERS, NEGATIVE SHOCKS, OCCUPATIONS, OLD-AGE PENSION, OLD-AGE PENSIONS, PARENTS, PENSION, PENSIONS, PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT, PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS, RETURN, RETURNS, SAFETY, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL PROTECTION, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TEENAGE GIRLS, TRANSACTION, TRANSFER PAYMENT, TRANSITORY INCOME, UNEMPLOYMENT, WAGES, WARRANTS, WORKING CHILDREN, WORKING HOURS, YOUNG WOMEN, YOUNGER CHILDREN, YOUNGER SIBLINGS