Ukraine Country Environmental Analysis
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The objective of the Country
Environmental Analysis (CEA) is to assess the adequacy and
performance of the policy, legal, and institutional
framework for environmental management in Ukraine, in light
of the decentralization process of environmental governance
and wider reform objectives, and to provide recommendations
to government to address the key gaps identified. Ukraine is
the second largest country in Europe and has a population of
43 million, the majority of whom live in urban areas. It is
a lower middle income country, with the services, industry
and agriculture sectors being main contributors to the
country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Ukraine faces a
number of environmental challenges, as identified in its
National Environmental Strategy 2020 (NES). Key among these
are: air pollution; quality of water resources and land
degradation; solid waste management; biodiversity loss;
human health issues associated with environmental risk
factors; in addition to climate change. The scope of
Ukrainian environmental legislation is quite broad and
comprehensive (more than 300 legal acts) and covers most
areas of environmental protection and natural resources
management. However, the environmental legislation faces a
number of weaknesses:The environmental legislation is
largely declaratory in nature and does not have all the
essential enforcement mechanisms for the implementation of
legal acts and international agreements; Many of the acts
are not coordinated with each other; and Legislation
undergoes limited analysis of its impact—for example, no
in-depth analysis such as Regulatory Impact Analysis is
conducted for proposed pieces of legislation.
Palabras clave
TARIFFS, DRINKING WATER’ QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, FISH, RECLAMATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, CARBON DIOXIDE, FOSSIL FUELS, AIR QUALITY, WASTE MANAGEMENT, REDUCING EMISSIONS, CARBON, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, NITROGEN OXIDES, LAND RECLAMATION, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, HEAVY METALS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, TIMBER, RIVER BASINS, EMISSIONS, REVENUES, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, POLLUTION TAX, ECONOMIC PROBLEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, INCENTIVES, CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, PRIVATE PROPERTY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, AUDITS, RESOURCE USE, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, COST EFFECTIVENESS, BIOLOGICAL FACTORS, EXPLOITATION, ENVIRONMENTAL RISK, ECONOMIC MECHANISMS, AIR POLLUTION, OIL, OZONE LAYER, OPTIONS, POLLUTION LEVELS, LAND DEGRADATION, POLLUTION, FORESTRY, LAND RESOURCES, PUBLIC HEARINGS, AQUIFERS, ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE, POLICY DECISIONS, URBAN AIR POLLUTION, ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, NATURAL RESOURCES, HYDROGEN, METALS, WATER BASINS, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, STATIONARY SOURCES, EFFICIENCY, FISHING, GREENHOUSE GASES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACTIVITIES, TAXES, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, LAND USE, EFFECTIVE USE, RESOURCES, ECONOMIC IMPACT, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, CLIMATE CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, VALUES, POLICY MAKERS, QUALITY STANDARDS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, DEFORESTATION, CPI, SUSTAINABLE USE, MINES, NATIONAL INCOME, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES, ENVIRONMENTS, EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC GOVERNANCE, PROPERTY, ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION, LOGGING, DECISION MAKING, ENVIRONMENTAL TAX, TAX RATES, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE, ENVIRONMENT, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, ECONOMICS, WASTE DISPOSAL, TAX REVENUE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, FISHERIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, TRADE, POLLUTERS, ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION, LAND, POLLUTION PERMITS, DRINKING WATER, OIL REFINERIES, HEALTH PROBLEMS, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, POLLUTION DISCHARGE, COAL, POLLUTION CHARGES, ECOLOGY, WATER POLLUTION, REVENUE, CLEAN TECHNOLOGY, SULFUR DIOXIDE, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, RECYCLING, EMISSION CHARGES, WASTE RECYCLING, ENVIRONMENTAL, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, PUBLIC GOOD, HAZARDOUS WASTES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES