Climate Resilient Ningbo Project : Local Resilience Action Plan, Volume 1. Final Report
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Ningbo serves as the Chinese pilot city
for the World Bank Climate Resilient Cities (CRC) Program.
The CRC program aims to, prepare local governments in the
East Asia region to better understand the concepts and
consequences of climate change; how climate change
consequences contribute to urban vulnerabilities; and what
is being done by city governments in East Asia and around
the world to actively engage in learning capacity building,
and capital investment programs for building sustainable,
resilient communities. This local resilience action plan
(LRAP) had four parts. Part one investigated natural hazards
weather observations and climate models. Seven key climatic
parameters were selected: temperature, rainfall, drought,
heat wave, flood, tropical cyclone, and sea level rise. Part
two examined how the city functions, and pursues
socio-economic development through a city vulnerability
assessment. The qualitative, city vulnerability assessment
was based on five sectors- people, infrastructure,
environment, economy, and government. Each sector was
analyzed extensively on a range of issues, and compared to
other similar Chinese cities to more accurately judge its
performances. Part three is the gap analysis. It was
performed to understand the government actions and their
effectiveness to respond to natural disasters, and whether
the current and planned policies and programs address the
current and future climate change impacts and natural
disasters. This part was supported by the following
inventories: inventory of natural disasters, and inventory
of policies and programs. Part four therefore was to develop
recommendations for each of the city vulnerability sectors.
The 70 plus recommendations are specific to Ningbo's
vulnerabilities and risks. They are described briefly,
intended to serve as an introduction. Feasibility studies
are recommended before further action or implementation.
Palabras clave
ACTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURE, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, AMOUNT OF RAINFALL, ANNUAL CHANGE, ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, ANNUAL VARIATIONS, AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL, AVERAGE RAINFALL, AWARENESS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, BAY, BIODIVERSITY, BRIDGE, BUSES, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CAR, CAR OWNERSHIP, CARBON, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON FUELS, CARS, CHEMICALS, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION, CLIMATE CHANGE AWARENESS, CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS, CLIMATE CHANGE CONSEQUENCES, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS, CLIMATE CHANGE INFORMATION, CLIMATE CHANGE MODELLING, CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE, CLIMATE CHANGE RISK, CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS, CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY, CLIMATE FORECASTS, CLIMATE MODELLING, CLIMATE MODELS, CLIMATE RESILIENCE, CLIMATE SCENARIO, CLIMATE VULNERABILITY, CLIMATIC PARAMETERS, CO, COAL, COAST, COASTAL AREAS, COASTAL EROSION, COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE, CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE, CONSTRUCTION, CROPS, CULTURAL HERITAGE, DAMAGES, DATA COLLECTION, DIESEL, DIESEL OIL, DIESEL VEHICLES, DISINFECTION, DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, DROUGHT, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, ECONOMIC IMPACTS, ELECTRICITY, EMISSION, EMISSION SCENARIO, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY MIX, ENERGY SAVINGS, ENERGY SECURITY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EVAPORATION, EXCESSIVE RAINFALL, EXTREME WEATHER, EXTREME WEATHER EVENT, EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS, FEASIBILITY, FINANCIAL INCENTIVES, FLOOD CONTROL, FLOODING, FLOODS, FORECAST TEMPERATURE, FOREST, FOREST COVERAGE, FOREST LAND, FUEL, FUEL OIL, FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE, GAS, GASOLINE, GCM, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM, GLOBAL WARMING, GREEN AREAS, HEAVY RAINS, HIGHWAY, HIGHWAYS, HOUSING, IMAGES, IMPACTS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE, IMPORTS, INCINERATION, INCREASE IN WIND SPEED, INFRASTRUCTURES, INSURANCE, IPCC, IRON, LAND AREA, LAND SUBSIDENCE, LAND USE, LANDFILL, LANDFILLS, LANES, LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS, LNG, MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE, MAXIMUM WIND SPEED, MEAN TEMPERATURE, METEOROLOGY, MINIMUM TEMPERATURE, MINIMUM TEMPERATURES, MITIGATION, MONSOON CLIMATE, MOTOR VEHICLE, MOTOR VEHICLE OWNERSHIP, MOTOR VEHICLES, MOTORWAYS, NATURAL GAS, PER CAPITA INCOME, PETROLEUM, POLICE, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION GROWTH, PORT AUTHORITY, POWER PLANTS, POWER STATIONS, PRECIPITATION, PRIVATE MOTOR VEHICLES, PUBLIC AWARENESS, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, RAIL, RAILWAY, RAIN, RAINFALL, RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION, RAINFALL INTENSITY, RAINFALL VARIATIONS, RAINFALL VOLUME, RAINWATER, RAINY DAYS, RAINY SEASON, RANGES, REGIONAL TRANSPORT, RESERVOIR, RESERVOIRS, RISK MANAGEMENT, RIVER, ROAD, ROAD NETWORK, ROADS, SATELLITE IMAGE, SEA LEVEL RISE, SEA WALLS, STORM EVENT, STORM SURGE, STORM SURGES, STORMS, SUBWAY, SUBWAY LINES, SUNSHINE, SURFACE RUNOFF, TEMPERATURE, TEMPERATURE INCREASE, TEMPERATURE INCREASES, TEMPERATURE RECORD, TEMPERATURE RISE, TEMPERATURE SCENARIOS, TEMPERATURES, TEMPORAL SCALE, TEMPORAL SCALES, THUNDERSTORMS, TIDAL FLATS, TOPOGRAPHY, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC CONGESTION, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT NETWORK, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION NETWORK, TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, TROPICAL CYCLONE, TROPICAL CYCLONES, TROPICAL STORM, TRUCKS, TYPHOONS, UNCERTAINTIES, UNDERGROUND, UNDERGROUND WATER, URBAN SYSTEMS, VEHICLE, VEHICLE OWNERSHIP, VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE, WATER POLLUTION, WATER QUALITY, WATER TREATMENT, WAVES, WEALTH, WETLAND, WETLAND LOSS, WETLANDS, WIND, WIND ENERGY, WIND SPEED, WIND SPEEDS, WINDS