Colombia 2006-2010 : A Window of Opportunity
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Washington, DC
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This document presents the recently
elected Colombian administration with a set of policy notes
meant to enrich the debate around critical issues affecting
the country's development. These notes build mostly
upon existing research and represent the Bank's
independent view on topics which are either at the crux of
ongoing policy discussions or merit a more prominent place
in this dialogue. This window of opportunity provides a very
favorable setting for advancing aggressive interventions to
further alleviate poverty and inequality. Even as a country
with a long history of solid growth and stable democratic
institutions, poverty remains a critical issue for Colombia.
Years of consistent economic growth throughout the 1980s and
early 1990s lifted many out of poverty, but the
macroeconomic crisis at the end of the 1990s eradicated more
than a decade of progress. The notes have been grouped
around four strategic issues: challenges and constraints for
the reform process, investing in people, laying the
foundations for competitiveness, and reducing
vulnerabilities. To this end, a national strategy for
comprehensive peace, reconciliation and equitable
development needs to be strengthened with the following
elements: (i) a continued national level effort to create
incentives for the demobilization of illegal armed groups,
(ii) attention to the internally displaced population, who
are the most visible and numerous victims of the conflict,
(iii) mainstreaming inequality reduction interventions into
key sectors, and (iv) local and regional community-led
economic development and social capital building plans,
inclusive of vulnerable and demobilized populations, all of
which would contribute to prevent the recurrence of the
armed conflict.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCOUNTABILITY, ADULT POPULATION, AIR POLLUTION, ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES, ARMED CONFLICT, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BENEFICIARIES, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, CAPITAL FORMATION, CAPITAL MARKETS, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT DEFICIT, CHILD MORBIDITY, CHILD MORTALITY, CHRONIC POVERTY, CITIZENS, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMMODITY PRICES, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPLEX TASK, CULTURAL VALUES, DEBT, DEMOCRACY, DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DISEASES, DISSEMINATION, DRINKING WATER, DROPOUT, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EARTHQUAKE, ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIC POLICY, ECONOMIC PROGRESS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, ECOSYSTEM, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL SERVICES, EFFECTIVENESS OF GOVERNMENT, ELDERLY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ENTITLEMENTS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES, ETHNIC GROUPS, EX-COMBATANTS, FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FISCAL ACCOUNTS, FISCAL OUTCOMES, FISCAL POLICY, FISCAL RIGIDITIES, FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY, FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS, FUTURE GENERATIONS, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES, GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS, GREENHOUSE GASES, GROWTH RATE, HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SYSTEM, HOSPITAL, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ILLITERACY, ILLNESS, IMMUNIZATIONS, IMPACT ON CHILDREN, IMPACT ON HEALTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, INDIGENOUS GROUPS, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSTITUTIONAL STABILITY, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERNATIONAL TREATIES, INTERNATIONALIZATION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LAND USE, LEGAL STATUS, LIVE BIRTHS, LIVING CONDITIONS, MALARIA, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MODERNIZATION, MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES, MUNICIPALITIES, NATIONAL AGENDAS, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN, NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL LEVELS, NATIONAL PLAN, NATIONAL PLANNING, NATIONAL POLICY, NATIONAL STRATEGY, NATURAL DISASTER, NATURAL DISASTERS, NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, OLD AGE, PEACE, PENSIONS, PERSONAL HEALTH, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POPULAR SUPPORT, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTIVE RESOURCES, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROGRESS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROTECTION OF CHILDREN, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC GOVERNANCE, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SECTOR DEFICIT, PUBLIC SERVICES, QUALITY ASSURANCE, QUALITY OF CARE, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, QUALITY OF LIFE, REFORM PROCESS, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RISK MANAGEMENT, RULE OF LAW, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POVERTY, SAFETY NET, SANITATION, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECURITY POLICY, SEGMENTS OF SOCIETY, SELECTION SYSTEM, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SOCIAL CONDITIONS, SOCIAL COSTS, SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SECTORS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SERVICES, STRUCTURAL REFORMS, SUB-NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE USE, TAX RATES, TAX REFORM, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TERRORIST, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNIONS, URBAN AIR POLLUTION, URBAN AREAS, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, VICTIMS, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABLE GROUPS, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, WAGES, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WATER POLLUTION, WORKFORCE, YOUNG CHILDREN, YOUNG PEOPLE