Hydrological drought risk evaluation in context of climate-resilient water regulation, conservation and restoration of hydrographic basin biomes of Brazil
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Understanding the role of forests in the global sustainable development agenda as well as the context of critical environmental and socioeconomic issues related to climate change are relevant aspects for the present day. Water scarcity and ecosystem restoration are major challenges on a local and global scale. This article attempts to address the main aspects of integrated water resources management, climate change and sustainable development in Brazil in recent decades. It is a fact that we need tools for climate-resilient water management approaches for the diverse biomes of the world. An analysis of the current model of the water-climate-forest nexus and an analysis of the integration of policies and governance in Brazil are presented with an emphasis on aspects of water regulation, conservation and restoration of hydrographic basin biomes. In the last two decades, the Southeast and Northeast Brazil are experiencing one of its worst periods of severe drought. Multi-purpose uses reservoirs were constructed to alleviate water shortage problems via redistributing water resources with temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity. Thus, a resilient approach to drought risk management, including reservoir operation methodologies for water scarcity situations, considering reliability, vulnerability and resilience are presented. The applicability of multi-seasonal streamflow generation models for hydrological drought risk evaluation is discussed. Five cases studies of reservoir operation rules as mitigation and adaptation strategies for building a green and resilient future with forests and watershed basins, belonging to three important biomes (savanna, caatinga and Atlantic Forest) are showed: the cases of Paraíba do Sul hydrographic basin (Rio de Janeiro), Cantareira reservoirs system (São Paulo) and the São Francisco river basin systems, including the Interbasin Water Transfer – PISF Project, the Piancó-Piranhas-Açu river basin and the Bocaina reservoir watershed.
Keywords: Adaptive and integrated management, Climate change, Economic development, Policies, Governance.
ID: 3623987