Framework for Conducting Benefit-Cost Analyses of Investments in Hydro-Meteorological Systems
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The whitepaper is organized as follows:
section two provides an overview of the types of benefits
associated with hydromet investments, the process by which
the benefits are generated, and their expected development
impacts; section three explains the rationale for public
sector investment in hydromet systems and involvement by the
World Bank; section four discusses the wide range of factors
that influence the magnitude of benefits generated by
hydromet systems, in particular the value of weather and
climate forecasts. The discussion is supplemented by a
stylized example presented in annex one; section five
provides an overview of approaches that have been used to
estimate the value of improved forecasts of routine climate
to specific user groups or sectors of an economy; section
six then turns to an overview of approaches that have been
used to estimate the net benefits of hydromet investments at
the country level. The primary benefits estimated by these
approaches are those associated with improved forecasts of
extreme meteorological events; section seven contains a
discussion of the costs of hydromet investments, with
particular attention given to the challenges faced in
estimating these costs in developing countries; section
eight lays out a framework for estimating the expected net
benefits of hydromet investments at a country level. The
framework builds on existing approaches and is designed to
be used with data available from secondary sources. This
section will be of central interest to those tasked with
conducting economic evaluations of hydromet investments;
section nine describes data that can be collected to conduct
interim and ex-post evaluations of hydromet investments that
supplement and refine ex-ante evaluations of these
investments; and section ten offers conclusions and recommendations.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURE, AIR, AIR QUALITY, AIR QUALITY STANDARDS, ANNUAL COST, AVIATION INDUSTRY, BENCHMARK, BENCHMARKING, BENCHMARKS, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARBON, CARBON EMISSION, CARBON SINK, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS, CLIMATE RESILIENCE, CO, COLORS, CONJOINT ANALYSIS, CONSUMERS, CONTINGENT VALUATION, COST ANALYSES, COST SAVINGS, CROP INSURANCE, DAMAGES, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, DEW, DEW POINT, DIRECTIONAL FLOW, DISCOUNT RATE, DISCOUNT RATES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, ECONOMIC COSTS, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIC MODELS, ECONOMIC VALUE, ECONOMIC WELFARE, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, ECONOMISTS, ECOSYSTEM, EFFECTIVE USE, ELECTRIC GENERATORS, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, EMISSION REDUCTION, ENERGY USE, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, EQUILIBRIUM, EXPECTED UTILITY, EXPECTED VALUE, EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS, EXTREME EVENTS, EXTREME POVERTY, EXTREME WEATHER, EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS, FEASIBILITY, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FISHERIES, FISHING, FIXED COSTS, FLOODS, FORECASTS, FOREST, FOREST RESOURCES, FORESTRY, FROST, FUEL, GAS, GDP, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HURRICANE, HURRICANES, INCOME, INCOME HOUSEHOLDS, INFRASTRUCTURE CHARGING, INPUT USE, INSURANCE, INSURANCE INSTRUMENTS, INSURANCE PAYMENTS, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, MARKET PRICES, METEOROLOGICAL STATISTICS, MONITORING TECHNOLOGY, NATURAL RESOURCE ECONOMICS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NITROGEN, OIL, PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSES, PESTICIDES, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RELEVANCE, POLLUTION, POWER PLANTS, PRECIPITATION, PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION, PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS, PRODUCERS, PUBLIC GOOD, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC SECTOR INVESTMENT, QUALITY STANDARDS, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, RAINFALL, RELATIVE HUMIDITY, RESOURCE ECONOMICS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RISK MANAGEMENT, ROAD, ROAD MAINTENANCE, ROADS, SAFETY, SENSITIVITY ANALYSES, SEVERE WEATHER, STORMS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TEMPERATURE, TOTAL BENEFITS, TOTAL COST, TOTAL COSTS, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORTATION, TRUCKS, TRUE, VARIABLE COSTS, WEATHER CONDITIONS, WEATHER INSURANCE, WEATHER PATTERNS, WILLINGNESS TO PAY, WIND, WMO, WTP