Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics--Europe 2005 : Are We on Track to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals?
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Washington, DC: World Bank and Oxford University Press
Resumen
Descripción
This Sixth Annual World Bank Conference
on Development Economics, one of the world's best-known
series of conferences, aims at the presentation, and
discussion of new knowledge on development. The theme of the
conference was "Doha, Monterrey, and Johannesburg: Are
We on Track to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs)?" The conference provides a forum for the
world's leading development thinkers to share new
knowledge, and ideas. This Conference was designed to look
at how four flows (flows of people, capital, aid, and trade)
link developed and developing countries. Discussions show
not only where some of the main opportunities are in each of
these four areas, but also where the main blockages are, and
what the real risks are-both when flows accelerate, and when
flows dry up. Notably, it was argued that developed
countries should have the courage to push globalization
further: Europe, like the United States, is protectionist,
and as long as it stays that way, there can be no real free
trade on the global level. It was proposed a political
counterpart to what exists on the economic level be created,
i.e., to replace the G-8 of rich countries, with a G-8 of
local and regional groups. Such a G-8 would grant a
legitimate place to the South, and could serve as a forum
for consultation among various continental structures -
African Union, Mercosur, the European Union, the Association
of Southeast Asian Nations, and the North American Free
Trade Agreement. Such a G-8 would not only contribute to
improved relations between various parties, but would also
encourage various regions to intensify their cooperation.
Similarly, the creation within the United Nations of an
Economic, Social, and Environmental Security Council was
proposed, which would form the new framework for
globalization, thus monitor implementation of conclusions
from large conferences, and, coordinate the major
international institutions such as the World Trade
Organization, International Labor Organization,
International Monetary Fund, and World Bank. Redistribution
through official development assistance is extremely
limited, and it is cancelled out by rich countries'
restrictions that limit poor countries' market access.
It is argued that the objective of aid is not to
redistribute income today, in order to increase immediate
consumption; the objective is to transfer growth potential
from rich countries to poor countries. Trade flows, capital
flows, and migration flows could also be seen as influencing
the growth potential of the poorest countries. Maximizing
this potential is essential for a future unambiguous,
improvement in the world distribution of income.
Furthermore, an alternative way forward for the Doha Round
is presented, based on the principles of social justice and
economic analysis. The World Trade Organization (WTO) needs
to establish a source of impartial, and publicly available
analysis of the effects of various initiatives on different countries.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES, AGRICULTURE, AID, AID ALLOCATION, AID FLOWS, BENCHMARKING, BRAIN DRAIN, CAPITAL, CAPITAL FLOWS, CAPITAL MOBILITY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, CONSUMERS, COST SAVINGS, DEBT, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT AID, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, DEVELOPMENT IMPACT, DEVELOPMENT ISSUES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, DRINKING WATER, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC POWER, ECONOMICS, ECONOMISTS, ENVIRONMENTAL, FACTORS OF PRODUCTION, FAIR TRADE, FLOWS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FREE TRADE, GLOBAL TRADE, GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, GROWTH POTENTIAL, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, INCREMENTAL COSTS, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, LABOR COSTS, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, MARKET ACCESS, MIGRATION, MULTILATERAL TRADE, NATURAL RESOURCES, OPEN TRADE REGIME, POLITICAL ECONOMY, PRIORITIES, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC POLICY, REGIONAL TRADE, REGIONAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION, REORGANIZATION, SPECIALIZATION, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, SUBSIDIARY, SUSTAINABILITY, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TRADE AGREEMENT, TRADE AGREEMENTS, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE FLOWS, TRADE INTEGRATION, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE OPENNESS, TRADE REGIME, TRADE ROUNDS, TRADE UNIONS, TRADEOFFS, TRANSITION ECONOMIES, UNSKILLED WORKERS, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO