Poverty and the Spatial Distribution of Rural Population
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World Bank Group, Washington, DC
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According to global spatial data sets in
2000 more than one-third of the rural population in
developing countries was located on less favored
agricultural land and areas. Less favored agricultural lands
are susceptible to low productivity and degradation, because
their agricultural potential is constrained biophysically by
terrain, poor soil quality, or limited rainfall. Less
favored agricultural areas include less favored agricultural
lands plus favorable agricultural land that is remote, that
is, land in rural areas with high agricultural potential but
with limited access. The paper presents tests of whether
these spatial distributions of rural population influence
poverty directly or indirectly via income growth in 83
developing countries from 2000 to 2012. The analysis finds
no evidence of a direct impact on poverty, but there is a
significant indirect impact via the elasticity of poverty
reduction with respect to growth. Reducing poverty requires
targeting rural populations in less favored lands and remote
areas, in addition to encouraging out-migration in some areas.
Palabras clave
ABSOLUTE POVERTY, ACCESS TO GOODS, ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE, ACCESS TO IRRIGATION, ACCESS TO MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, ARABLE LAND, ARID LANDS, AVERAGE INCOME, AVERAGE INCOME GROWTH, CHANGES IN POVERTY, CHRONIC POVERTY, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, CONSUMPTION GROWTH, CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA, COUNTRY LEVEL, CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION, CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION, DATA SETS, DEMOCRACY, DENSITY FUNCTION, DEPENDENT VARIABLE, DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS, DETERMINANT OF POVERTY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPING REGION, DEVELOPING REGIONS, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT REPORT, DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, ECOLOGICAL ZONES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, ECONOMICS LETTERS, EMPIRICAL RESULTS, ERROR TERM, ESTIMATED ELASTICITY, ESTIMATION RESULTS, EXPLAINING CHANGES, EXPLANATORY VARIABLES, FARM EMPLOYMENT, FARMING SYSTEMS, FOOD POLICY, GEOGRAPHIC POVERTY TRAPS, GINI INDEX, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GLOBAL POVERTY, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, GROWTH ELASTICITY, GROWTH PRO-POOR, GROWTH RATE, GROWTH RATES, GROWTH REGRESSION, GROWTH REGRESSIONS, HEADCOUNT POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, IMPACT ON POVERTY, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME ELASTICITY, INCOME GROWTH, INCREASE POVERTY, INEQUALITY, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, LEVEL OF POVERTY, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LOCATION OF POPULATIONS, MEAN INCOME, MEAN INCOME GROWTH, MEAN INCOMES, MICRO MODEL, MIGRATION, NATIONAL ACCOUNTS, NATIONAL BOUNDARIES, NATURAL CAPITAL, 0 HYPOTHESIS, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PER CAPITA INCOME, POLICY BRIEF, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POOR, POOR FARMERS, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR MARKET ACCESS, POOR PEOPLE, POOR SOIL QUALITY, POPULATION GROUP, POVERTY ANALYSIS, POVERTY CHANGES, POVERTY DYNAMICS, POVERTY HEADCOUNT INDEX, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY LEVEL, POVERTY LEVELS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY MEASURE, POVERTY MEASUREMENT, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY TRAPS, POVERTY-REDUCING GROWTH, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PROGRESS, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, REDUCING POVERTY, REGIONAL APPROACH, REGIONAL DUMMIES, REMITTANCES, REMOTE AREAS, REMOTE RURAL AREAS, RESPECT, RULE OF LAW, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL PEOPLE, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POPULATIONS, RURAL POVERTY, SEMI-ARID REGIONS, SOIL DEGRADATION, SPATIAL ANALYSIS, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION, SPATIAL INEQUALITY, SPATIAL POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, STANDARD DEVIATION, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TARGETING, TRADE OPENNESS, WATER MANAGEMENT, WELFARE INDICATOR