Building Export Competitiveness in Laos : Summary Report
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The basic framework for the background study on building export competitiveness in Laos is based on the National Growth and Poverty Eradication Strategy (NGPES), which appropriately stresses the need to: (i) improve the business climate by creating a predictable and transparent policy environment; (ii) streamline administrative procedures and regulations that are an obstacle to domestic and foreign private investment; and (iii) strengthen market institutions, including most notably those related to dispute resolution and contract enforcement. This paper focuses on three key priority areas: (a) Strengthening fiscal management is a first priority area. Progress in strengthening fiscal management is likely to require reforms to the broader framework of center-province fiscal relations; (b) Establishing a functioning banking system is a second priority area. Laos needs an efficient banking system to achieve the government's development goals and meet the competitive challenges of regional integration; and (3) Improving competitiveness is a third priority area. Conventional macroeconomic assessments of competitiveness using real effective exchange rates do not suggest any major competitiveness concerns. Other approaches, involving a more detailed assessment of the various elements that make up the investment climate, suggest that competitiveness is a major impediment to attracting investment to Laos. This study addresses the main elements of the reform agenda to strengthen Laos' competitiveness, placing special emphasis on trade facilitation and reforms to the business environment.
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ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, AGRICULTURE, AIRPORTS, AIRWAYS, ARTERIAL ROAD, BARRIERS TO IMPORTS, BARRIERS TO TRADE, BILATERAL AGREEMENT, BILATERAL AGREEMENTS, BILATERAL TRADE, BORDER CROSSING, BORDER CROSSINGS, BUSINESS LAW, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CD, CENTRAL BANK, CENTRAL PLANNING, COLLATERAL, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVENESS, CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT, CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS, CURRENCY, CUSTOMS, CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION, CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES, CUSTOMS CLEARANCE, CUSTOMS DUTIES, CUSTOMS PROCEDURES, CUSTOMS VALUATION, DEBT, DEVALUATION, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DOMESTIC CREDIT, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC PRODUCERS, DRIVING, DUTY DRAWBACK, DUTY DRAWBACK SCHEME, ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, ECONOMIC SECTORS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, ENVIRONMENT FOR INVESTMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, EXCESS DEMAND, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPENDITURE, EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS, EXPORT DEMAND, EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION, EXPORT EARNINGS, EXPORT GROWTH, EXPORT LICENSING, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORT PROCEDURES, EXPORT PROCESSING, EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE, EXPORT PRODUCTS, EXPORT PROMOTION, EXPORT REGIME, EXPORT REVENUE, EXPORT SECTOR, EXPORT TAXES, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, FAIR TRADE, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, FLEET MANAGEMENT, FLEETS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTORS, FOREIGN MARKETS, FOREIGN TRADE, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, FREE TRADE AREA, FREIGHT, FREIGHT TRAFFIC, FUEL, GDP, GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES, GENERAL SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES, GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES, GINI COEFFICIENT, GOVERNMENT POLICY, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH POTENTIAL, HIGH TRANSPORT, HIGH TRANSPORTATION, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, IMPORT DUTIES, IMPORT LICENSES, IMPORT LICENSING, IMPORT LICENSING REQUIREMENTS, IMPORT PLANNING, IMPORT PROCEDURES, IMPORT PROHIBITION, IMPORT REQUIREMENTS, INEFFICIENCY, INEQUALITY, INSPECTION, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL PORTS, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERNATIONAL TRANSIT, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, ITC, JOURNEY, LAND TRANSPORT, LDCS, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, LEGAL SYSTEM, MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY, MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET ECONOMY, MERGERS, MONETARY FUND, MONETARY POLICY, MOST FAVORED NATION, MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS, MUTUAL RECOGNITION, NATIONAL INCOME, NON-TARIFF BARRIERS, NORMAL TRADE RELATIONS, ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, PER CAPITA INCOME, PREFERENTIAL ACCESS, PREFERENTIAL TARIFF, PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRODUCTION INPUTS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION, RAILWAY, REGISTRATION FEES, REGISTRATION SYSTEM, REGULATORY SYSTEM, RESTRICTIVE PRACTICES, RETURNS, ROAD, ROAD CONNECTIONS, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, ROAD NETWORK, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROUND TRIP, ROUTE, ROUTES, RULES OF ORIGIN, RURAL ROADS, SAFETY, SKILLED LABOR, SOURCING, STATE BANKS, TARIFF BARRIERS, TARIFF ESCALATION, TARIFF LINES, TARIFF POLICY, TARIFF PREFERENCES, TARIFF RATE, TARIFF RATES, TARIFF SCHEDULE, TAX, TAX SYSTEM, TAXATION, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNICAL BARRIERS, TECHNICAL COOPERATION, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TOURISM, TOURISM INDUSTRY, TRADE CENTER, TRADE FACILITATION, TRADE INTEGRATION, TRADE LOGISTICS, TRADE NEGOTIATION, TRADE POLICY, TRADE PREFERENCES, TRADE REGULATION, TRADE ZONES, TRADE · CAPACITY, TRANSIT, TRANSIT CORRIDORS, TRANSIT FACILITIES, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT CORRIDORS, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION COSTS, TRIPS, TRUCKS, TRUE, VALUATION, VALUE ADDED, VEHICLES, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO