Himachal Pradesh : Accelerating Development and Sustaining Success in a Hill State
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Washington, DC
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This Economic Report is the first by the
World Bank on the economy of Himachal Pradesh (HP), and the
first on a hill state in India. HP is a unique state in many
respects-most importantly because of the enormous success it
has achieved over the past three decades, despite severe
structural disadvantages of relative remoteness,
environmental fragility, and a difficult hill terrain,
characteristic of Himalayan states in India. The study sets
out to document, first, the remarkable success that the
state has achieved in terms of sustained growth and human
development, and the underlying reasons in terms of
supportive policies and social cohesion. In this respect, HP
makes an important contribution to lessons of success for
the other nine Himalayan hill states in India. The second,
and more extensive part of the Report, is forward-looking.
It describes how it might be possible to build on the past
success that HP has achieved, and, at the same time, address
some crucial economic and social transitions that will be
essential for the state to firmly secure its future: (i) a
sustained increase in income levels along with an enabling
environment for the private sector; (ii) the creation of
suitable jobs based on enhanced productivity and skill s of
its young labor force that can shift from public to private
sector employment; and (iii) the utilization of natural
resources like hydropower, forests, and water resources
wisely and well. There is every reason to be confident that
HP can meet these challenges. The state's past enviable
track record is testimony to the ability of its people and
leadership to forge a social consensus and compact necessary
to achieve such goals. The Report seeks to provide an
analysis of HP's current economic situation, and to lay
out a menu of reform options that can help build on
HP's considerable strengths and opportunities, and
address some of the main challenges ahead.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, AIR, BENEFICIARY, BUDGET FORMULATION, BUDGET PROCESS, BUDGETING, CABINET, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CAPITAL OUTLAY, CARS, CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, CONFEDERATION, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES, CONVICTION, CORPORATION, CROP INSURANCE, CURRENCY, DEBT, DEBT CRISIS, DEBT SERVICE, DEBT STOCK, DECENTRALIZATION, DECISION MAKING, DEED, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DIVIDENDS, DRIVERS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC SITUATION, ECONOMIC VALUE, ECONOMICS, ELECTRICITY, ENABLING ENVIRONMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, EQUILIBRIUM, EVASION, EXCISE DUTY, EXCISE TAXES, EXPENDITURES, EXPLOITATION, FINANCES, FINANCIAL FLOWS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FISCAL BURDEN, FISCAL CONSTRAINTS, FISCAL DEFICIT, FISCAL DEFICITS, FISCAL POLICY, FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY, FIXED ASSETS, FLAT RATE, FORESTRY, FRAUD, FRAUD RISK, FUEL, GDP, GOVERNMENT GRANTS, GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCE, HUMAN RESOURCES, INCOME, INCOME LEVELS, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INFRASTRUCTURAL CONSTRAINTS, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSURANCE, INTEREST PAYMENTS, INTERNAL AUDIT, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LEVEL OF DEBT, LEVIES, LEVY, LICENSES, LIVING STANDARDS, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET INFORMATION, MOTOR VEHICLE, MOTOR VEHICLES, MUNICIPALITIES, NATURAL RESOURCE BASE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NONTAX REVENUE, O&M, PASSENGERS, PENSION, PENSIONS, PERSONAL VEHICLES, POLICE, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT, POLITICAL PARTY, POLLUTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, POPULATION DENSITY, PORTFOLIOS, POST OFFICE, POVERTY LINE, PRESENT VALUE, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE PARTIES, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION, PRODUCTIVITY, PROVISIONS, PUBLIC, PUBLIC CONSULTATION, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY, PUBLIC SPENDING, PUBLIC WORKS, REAL ECONOMIC GROWTH, REAL PROPERTY, REGISTRATION FEE, REGISTRATION FEES, REPAYMENT, RESOURCE USE, RETURNS, REVENUE COLLECTION, REVENUE PERFORMANCE, RIVER BASINS, ROAD, ROAD TAX, ROAD TOLLS, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROADS, ROUTES, SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SOFT BUDGET CONSTRAINT, SOIL DEGRADATION, STAMP DUTIES, STAMP DUTY, STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES, STREAMS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TAX, TAX COLLECTION, TAX EXEMPTIONS, TAX INCENTIVES, TAX RATE, TAX RATES, TAX REGIME, TAX REVENUE, TAX REVENUES, TAX SYSTEM, TAX TAKE, TAXATION, TIMBER, TRADING, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT, TREASURY, TRUE, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN MANAGEMENT, URBANIZATION, USER CHARGES, VALUATION, WATERSHED, WEALTH