Farm-based measures for reducing human and environmental health risks from chemical constituents in wastewater

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dc.creatorSimmons, Robert W.
dc.creatorQadir, Manzoor
dc.creatorDrechsel, Pay
dc.date2010
dc.date2014-06-12T14:36:44Z
dc.date2014-06-12T14:36:44Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T18:26:17Z
dc.descriptionThere is a significant imbalance between the number of publications describing potential and actual environmental and health impacts from chemically contaminated wastewater, and reports outlining concrete options to minimize the related risks where conventional wastewater treatment is not available. This gap applies more to inorganic and organic contaminants than excess salts or nutrients. This chapter outlines some of the options available that could be considered in and around the farm, looking at heavy metals, salts, excess nutrients and organic contaminants. The emphasis is placed on low-cost options applicable in developing countries. While such measures can reduce negative impacts to a certain extent, it remains crucial to ensure that hazardous chemicals are replaced in production processes; industrial wastewater is treated at source and/or separated from other wastewater streams used for irrigation purposes; and fertilizer application rates and related possible subsidies adjusted to avoid over- fertilization.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/36814
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/155829
dc.languageen
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceSimmons, R.; Qadir, Manzoor; Drechsel, Pay. 2010. Farm-based measures for reducing human and environmental health risks from chemical constituents in wastewater. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.209-238. (Also in French).
dc.subjectwastewater irrigation
dc.subjectpollutants
dc.subjectmetals
dc.subjectsemimetals
dc.subjectsoil amendments
dc.subjectbioremediation
dc.subjectnutrients
dc.subjectarsenic
dc.subjectsalinity
dc.subjectirrigation methods
dc.titleFarm-based measures for reducing human and environmental health risks from chemical constituents in wastewater
dc.typeBook Chapter

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