Analyzing the Impact of Legislation on Child Labor in Pakistan
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper exploits a natural experiment
approach to identify the impact of legislation (Employment
of Children Act 1991) in Pakistan on participation of
children in the labor markets. The law prohibits employment
of children less than 14 years of age in sectors other than
agriculture or household enterprises. With micro-data,
making use of regression discontinuity data design, the
study finds some evidence that the Employment of Children
Act 1991 helped in reducing the employment of children
immediately after its implementation.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNT, ADOLESCENTS, ANTI-CHILD LABOR, CHILD LABOR, CHILD LABOR ISSUES, CHILD LABOR LAWS, CHILD LABOR LEGISLATION, CHILD WORKERS, CHILDHOOD, COMPULSORY EDUCATION, COMPULSORY SCHOOLING, CONDITIONS FOR CHILDREN, CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD, CRAFTSMEN, DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN, DOMESTIC SERVICES, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC HISTORIANS, EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE, EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN, EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN ACT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EXPLOITATIVE LABOR, FACTORIES, FACTORIES ACT, FAMILY MEMBERS, HAZARDOUS OCCUPATIONS, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HOURS OF WORK, HOUSEHOLD CHORES, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RIGHTS, IMPERFECT INFORMATION, INCOME, INTERNATIONAL PRESSURE, JURISDICTION, LABOR ECONOMICS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR REGULATIONS, LABOR SUPPLY, LABORERS, LEGAL GUARDIANS, LEGISLATION, MANPOWER, MINIMUM AGE, MINIMUM WAGE, MINIMUM WAGES, MINIMUM WORKING AGE, MOTIVATION, OFFENDERS, OLDER CHILDREN, PARENTS, PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN, POLICE OFFICER, PRODUCTIVITY, SANCTIONS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SOCIAL PROTECTION, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNSKILLED LABOR, WAGES, WORK PERMIT, WORKING CHILDREN, WORKING CONDITIONS, WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR, YOUNG GIRLS, YOUNG PERSON, YOUNGER CHILDREN, YOUTH