Logistics in Lagging Regions :
            Overcoming Local Barriers to Global Connectivity

Kunaka, Charles

Logistics in Lagging Regions : Overcoming Local Barriers to Global Connectivity

Autores

Kunaka, Charles

Editor

World Bank

Descripción

This report is based on two case studies carried out in Brazil and India on the impact of various strategies to reduce the cost of trade for small-scale producers. Small scale producers especially those located in lagging regions in developing countries lack easy access to efficient logistics services. They are faced with long distances from both domestic and international markets. Unless the enterprises are able to consolidate traffic volumes they can be excluded from international supply chains. However, the process of consolidation is not without cost nor does it occur on its own accord. It is typically handled by outside parties in the form of intermediaries. The study was designed around the horizontal relationships between the small scale producers and their vertical connections to higher tier parties involved in the same supply chain. It analyzes the cooperative approach to linking producers, the role of itinerant traders, and a newer and innovative approach to the same problem through virtual integration of farmers using modern information communication technologies. These approaches were explored by studying two separate supply chains, sisal in Brazil and soybean in India, enabling the assessment of logistics patterns from the farm gate to onboard vessel at the export gateway. The assessment of logistics performance at the sub-national level is still evolving. The more widely used density-type indicators emphasize the infrastructure dimension of logistics but do not handle effectively the relationships and service quality attributes identified by the study. A model built around spatial and social networks is proposed to represent the horizontal and vertical attributes of logistics in lagging regions.

Palabras clave

ACCESS TO FOREIGN MARKET, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCESS TO MARKETS, ACCESS TO SERVICES, ACCESSIBILITY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AIR, BARRIER EFFECT, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BRIDGE, BUSINESS NEEDS, BUSINESS PROCESS, BUSINESS SERVICE, BUSINESSES, BUYER, BUYERS, CAPACITY BUILDING, CATERING, COFFEE PRICES, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMMON CARRIERS, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVENESS, CONNECTIVITY, CONSUMER DEMANDS, CONTESTABLE MARKETS, COORDINATION MECHANISM, COORDINATION MECHANISMS, COPYRIGHT, COST INCREASES, COST OF TRANSPORT, COST OF TRANSPORTATION, COSTS OF TRANSPORT, CROSSING, CUSTOMS, DOMESTIC MARKETS, DOMESTIC TRANSPORT, E-MAIL, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC REGIONS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EFFICIENT TRANSPORT, ELECTRONIC MARKETS, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES, EXPRESS SERVICES, FARM-GATE, FARMER, FARMERS, FINANCIAL FLOWS, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FOOD SECURITY, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FREIGHT, FREIGHT FLOWS, FREIGHT TRANSPORT, GEOGRAPHICAL AREA, GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS, GLOBAL MARKETS, GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN, GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS, GLOBALIZATION, HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION, ICT, INCOME REGIONS, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, INFORMATION COMMUNICATION, INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, INFORMATION FLOWS, INFORMATION SERVICES, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS, INNOVATIONS, INSPECTION, INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGIES, INTERNATIONAL BORDER CROSSING, INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS, INTERNATIONAL GATEWAYS, INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVENTIONS, INVENTORIES, IT INFRASTRUCTURE, LAGGING REGIONS, LENGTH OF ROAD, LICENSES, LOAD FACTORS, LOGISTICS SERVICE PROVIDERS, LOGISTICS SYSTEM, LOGISTICS SYSTEMS, MANUFACTURING, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET CONDITIONS, MARKET ENTRY, MARKET FAILURE, MARKET INFORMATION, MARKET INTEGRATION, MARKET POWER, MARKET PRICES, MARKET RISKS, MARKETING, MATERIAL, MEANS OF TRANSPORT, MEDIUM ENTERPRISE, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES, MIDDLEMEN, MILK, MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS, MOBILE PHONE, MOBILE TELEPHONY, MOBILITY, MODE OF TRANSPORT, MONOPOLY, MOVEMENT OF GOODS, MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT, NETWORKS, NEW TECHNOLOGIES, OUTSOURCING, PAYMENT SYSTEMS, PHYSICAL DISTANCE, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POOR ECONOMIES, POOR FARMERS, POOR PEOPLE, POSTAL SERVICES, POVERTY ERADICATION, PRICE COMPETITION, PRICE INCREASES, PRICE MECHANISM, PRICING STRATEGIES, PRICING STRATEGY, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENTS, PRIVATE SECTORS, PROCESS INFORMATION, PROCUREMENT, PRODUCT MARKETS, PRODUCTIVITY, PURCHASING, QUALITY OF SERVICE, QUALITY OF SERVICES, QUERIES, RAIL, RAILWAYS, RELATIONAL DATABASES, RESULT, RESULTS, RETAIL, ROAD IMPROVEMENTS, ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, ROAD NETWORK, ROADS, ROUTES, RURAL ACCESS, SALE, SALES, SALES OUTLETS, SEARCH, SERVER, SERVICE PROVIDER, SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURE, SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT, SPATIAL DISPERSION, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, SPATIAL ORGANIZATION, SPOT MARKET, SPREAD, STORAGE FACILITIES, STORAGE FACILITY, SUPERMARKETS, SUPERVISION, SUPPLIER, SUPPLIERS, SUPPLY CHAIN, SUPPLY CHAIN APPROACH, SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION, SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, SUPPLY CHAIN STRUCTURE, SUPPLY CHAINS, SURPLUS, SURPLUSES, TAX, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TELEPHONE, TRACEABILITY, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC VOLUMES, TRANSACTION, TRANSACTION SERVICES, TRANSIT, TRANSMISSION, TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION, TRANSPORT CAPACITY, TRANSPORT CORRIDORS, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT PRICE, TRANSPORT SERVICE, TRANSPORT SERVICES, TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION COSTS, TRANSPORTATION SERVICES, TRIP, TRUCKS, TRUE, USERS, VALUE CHAIN, VALUE CHAINS, VEHICLE, VEHICLE OPERATING, VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS, VEHICLE SIZE, VEHICLES, VERTICAL INTEGRATION, WAREHOUSE