Gender Gap in Pay in the Russian Federation

Atencio, Andrea; Posadas, Josefina

Gender Gap in Pay in the Russian Federation

Autores

Atencio, Andrea

Posadas, Josefina

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

This paper decomposes the gender gap in pay in the Russian Federation along the earnings distribution for the period 1996–2011. The analysis uses a reweighted, recentered influence function decomposition that allows estimating the contribution of each covariate on the wage structure and composition effects along the earnings distribution. The paper finds that women are in flat career paths compared with men; the importance of observable characteristics that proxy human capital in the gender pay gap decrease along the earnings distribution; and if women’s pay took into account their educational degrees as much as men’s, the gender pay gap would disappear or even reverse at the top of the earnings distribution. The results suggest that women at the bottom of the earnings distribution should be helped to increase their labor market skills, and women at the top of the distribution should be helped to break the glass ceiling and be remunerated for their skills to the same extent as men.

Palabras clave

SKILLS, JOBS, EMPLOYMENT, RIGHTS, WORKING-AGE POPULATION, WAGE GAP, RETIREMENT, CAREER DEVELOPMENT, WAGE DIFFERENTIAL, INCOME, ECONOMIC TRANSITION, WAGE DISCRIMINATION, PROPERTY RIGHTS, INFORMATION, LABOR FORCE, DISCRIMINATION, MONITORING, HOUSING, POLITICAL ECONOMY, JOB, EFFECTS, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, WAGE INCREASES, INCENTIVES, PROPORTION OF FEMALES, HEALTH, LABOR ECONOMICS, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, WAGE DETERMINATION, FIRM SIZE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, GENDER WAGE GAPS, PUBLIC HEALTH, LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE, NATIONAL POPULATION, EQUAL WORK, EARNINGS INEQUALITY, LABOR MARKET, GENDER GAP, PRIVATE FIRM, TRAINING, PREVIOUS STUDIES, PRODUCTIVITY, ATTRITION, WAGE DISPERSION, MARKETS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, ORGANIZATIONS, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, RESEARCH, HISTORY, LABOR, UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, PLACE OF RESIDENCE, JOB SEARCH, WAGE INCREASE, RESPECT, FEMALE LABOR, PROGRESS, INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS, MARKET ECONOMY, HUMAN CAPITAL, GENDER GAPS, YOUNG MEN, GENDER SEGREGATION, PREVIOUS WORK, WORKERS, ACCESS TO JOBS, WAGES, POLICIES, WHO, GENDER DIFFERENCES, TOTAL WAGE, FAMILY, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, WAGE INEQUALITY, VALUE, GENDER, CLERKS, FIELDS, OCCUPATIONS, FEMALE WORKERS, OCCUPATION, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, AGRICULTURE, LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS, PRIVATE FIRMS, LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS, PRIVATE SECTOR, IMPACT OF EDUCATION, ECONOMICS, POLICY, ECONOMIC INEQUALITY, WOMEN WITH CHILDREN, WAGE STRUCTURE, LAND, THEORY, EDUCATION, INVESTMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, GENDER ASSESSMENT, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, EMPLOYEE, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, EQUAL PAY, POPULATION, LAW, MARITAL STATUS, WORKING WOMEN, STUDENTS, EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK, PROFESSIONAL WOMEN, SELECTION OF WOMEN, POPULATION CENTER, TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MARRIED WOMEN, MICROECONOMICS, POLICY RESEARCH, LEGISLATORS, GENDER DISCRIMINATION, FERTILITY, WOMEN, AGRICULTURAL, WAGE DISTRIBUTION, SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS, LABOUR, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, LABOR MARKETS, TECHNOLOGIES, SECONDARY EDUCATION, COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT, PRICES, SKILLS—EDUCATION, GENDER EQUALITY, FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, INEQUALITY, EMPLOYEES