Multiple cropping systems of the world and the potential for increasing cropping intensity

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dc.creatorWaha, Katharina
dc.creatorDietrich, Jan Philipp
dc.creatorPortmann, Felix T
dc.creatorSiebert, Stefan
dc.creatorThornton, Philip K.
dc.creatorBondeau, Alberte
dc.creatorHerrero, Mario
dc.date2020-09
dc.date2020-09-07T19:27:05Z
dc.date2020-09-07T19:27:05Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T16:38:52Z
dc.descriptionMultiple cropping, defined as harvesting more than once a year, is a widespread land management strategy in tropical and subtropical agriculture. It is a way of intensifying agricultural production and diversifying the crop mix for economic and environmental benefits. Here we present the first global gridded data set of multiple cropping systems and quantify the physical area of more than 200 systems, the global multiple cropping area and the potential for increasing cropping intensity. We use national and sub-national data on monthly crop-specific growing areas around the year 2000 (1998–2002) for 26 crop groups, global cropland extent and crop harvested areas to identify sequential cropping systems of two or three crops with non-overlapping growing seasons. We find multiple cropping systems on 135 million hectares (12% of global cropland) with 85 million hectares in irrigated agriculture. 34%, 13% and 10% of the rice, wheat and maize area, respectively are under multiple cropping, demonstrating the importance of such cropping systems for cereal production. Harvesting currently single cropped areas a second time could increase global harvested areas by 87–395 million hectares, which is about 45% lower than previous estimates. Some scenarios of intensification indicate that it could be enough land to avoid expanding physical cropland into other land uses but attainable intensification will depend on the local context and the crop yields attainable in the second cycle and its related environmental costs.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/109259
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/129202
dc.languageen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationhttps://arcg.is/1K1zGD
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceWaha K, Dietrich JP, Portmann FT, Siebert S, Thornton P, Bondeau A, Herrero M. 2020. Multiple cropping systems of the world and the potential for increasing cropping intensity. Global Environmental Change 64:102131.
dc.subjectclimate change
dc.subjectagriculture
dc.subjectfood security
dc.subjectcropping systems
dc.subjectcrop production
dc.subjectharvesting
dc.subjectecology
dc.titleMultiple cropping systems of the world and the potential for increasing cropping intensity
dc.typeJournal Article

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Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Pecuarias (ILRI)