Uruguay : Poverty and Social Impact Assessment of the Tax Reform
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Washington, DC
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The Poverty and Social Impact Assessment
(PSIA) analyzes the impact of the tax reform, which came
into effect in July 2007, on tax incidence and poverty in
Uruguay. The essence of the reform is the introduction of a
dual personal income tax, which taxes labor income at
progressive rates and capital income at lower, proportional
rates. A further modification is the reduction in the
revenue share of indirect taxes. The study aims to provide
information to inform policy discussion on distributional
implications of tax reform. In addition, it gives impetus
for further more sophisticated analysis of current and
proposed tax reforms. In designing a tax system, a trade-off
exists between efficiency, equity and administrative
simplicity. The paper focuses on one aspect of this
trade-off by evaluating the equity impact of the tax reform
in Uruguay. Neither the efficiency of the post-reform tax
system nor the effect on tax administration is examined.
Assessing the distributional impact of a tax reform is
important, firstly, as there is a potential to mitigate the
equity-efficiency trade-off in the design of tax structures,
and secondly, as the expenditure side of the budget can then
be employed to diminish any adverse distributional impacts.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, AFTER TAX INCOME, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, ANNUAL INTEREST RATES, ARBITRAGE, AVERAGE PAY, AVERAGE PENSIONS, BALANCE SHEET, BANK ACCOUNTS, BANK DEPOSITS, BANK POLICY, BANKING ASSETS, BANKING SYSTEM, BEFORE TAX INCOME, BUSINESS TAXES, BUYERS, CALCULATION, CALCULATIONS, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, CAPITAL MOBILITY, CENTRAL BANK, CONSUMER, CONSUMER GOODS, CONSUMERS, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, CONSUMPTION TAX, CONSUMPTION TAXES, CONTRIBUTION, CONTRIBUTION RATE, CORPORATE INCOME TAX, CORPORATE TAX, CORPORATE TAX RATES, CORPORATION TAX, CURRENT INCOME, DEBT, DEDUCTIONS, DEPOSIT, DEPOSIT INTEREST, DEPOSITS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DIRECT TAXATION, DISPOSABLE INCOME, DIVIDEND, DIVIDEND INCOME, ECONOMIC COSTS, ECONOMIC CRISIS, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, EXCISE TAX, EXPENDITURE, EXPENDITURES, FACTORS OF PRODUCTION, FINANCIAL ASSETS, FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, FISCAL POSITION, FLAT TAX, FOREIGN CAPITAL, FOREIGN CURRENCY, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE, HEALTH INSURANCE, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, INCOME INCREASE, INCOME INCREASES, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME LEVEL, INCOME SOURCE, INCOME SOURCES, INCOME TAXES, INCOMES, INSURANCE, INTEREST INCOME, INTEREST RATES, INTERNAL TAX, IRA, LABOR MARKET, LEVEL PLAYING FIELD, LOWER INCOME, MACROECONOMIC VULNERABILITY, MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY, MARGINAL RATES, MARGINAL TAX RATE, MARGINAL TAX RATES, MARKET PRICES, MICRO DATA, OPEN ECONOMIES, PENSION, PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS, PENSION INCOME, PENSION VALUES, PENSIONERS, PENSIONS, PERSONAL INCOME, PERSONAL INCOME TAX, PERSONAL INCOME TAXATION, PERSONAL INCOME TAXES, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PROBABILITY, PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT, PROGRESSIVE TAX, PUBLIC DEBT, PUBLIC SECTOR DEBT, REAL ESTATE, REAL PROPERTY, REAL PROPERTY TAX, REFORM PROGRAM, RENTS, RESEARCH ASSISTANCE, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RETIREMENT, RETIREMENTS, SALARIES, SALARY, SALE, SALES, SAVINGS, SAVINGS RATE, SAVINGS RATES, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SENIOR, SINGLE TAX, SMALL COUNTRY, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTION, SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS, SOCIAL SERVICES, SURTAX, TAX, TAX ADMINISTRATION, TAX BASE, TAX BRACKETS, TAX CHANGES, TAX COLLECTION, TAX COMPLIANCE, TAX EVASION, TAX EXEMPTIONS, TAX INCIDENCE, TAX INCREASES, TAX RATE, TAX RATES, TAX RECEIPTS, TAX REFORM, TAX REFORMS, TAX REGIME, TAX REGIMES, TAX REVENUE, TAX REVENUES, TAX STRUCTURE, TAX STRUCTURES, TAX SYSTEM, TAX TREATMENT, TAXATION, TAXPAYERS, VALUE ADDED TAX, VALUE ADDED TAXES, WAGE, WAGES, WORKING AGE, YOUNG ADULTS