Toward an Urban Sector Strategy : Georgia's Evolving Urban System and its Challenges
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Washington, DC
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This review analyzes the profile, trends
and challenges of Georgia's changing urban landscape
since independence in 1991 and provides policy suggestions
to facilitate the economic transition of the country through
its cities. In its analysis and subsequent recommendations
on policy interventions, this report draws on a program of
diagnostics called the 'Urbanization Review' (UR).
The UR diagnostic is based on three main pillars of urban
development which have emerged as key areas of policy
engagement for successful cities. These are: a) planning,
charting a course for cities by setting the terms of
urbanization, especially policies for using urban land and
expanding basic infrastructure and public services; b)
connecting, physically linking people to jobs, and
businesses to markets; and c) financing, raising and
leveraging up-front capital to meet the increasing demand
for infrastructure and services. In moving forward, the
review recommends that Georgia focus on: a) developing a
national urban strategy that recognizes the contribution of
each city to the overall economy, i.e. a 'systems of
cities' approach that can assist in reducing regional
disparities; b) assisting cities to develop urban plans,
including local economic development plans, c) reforming
building and planning codes; and d) assisting cities in
improving their local governance and finances.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO SANITATION, ACCESS TO SERVICES, ACCOUNTABILITY, ACCOUNTING, ADEQUATE HOUSING, APARTMENT BUILDINGS, APARTMENTS, ARCHITECTURE, ARMED CONFLICT, AUTONOMY, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BIG CITIES, BIG CITY, BRAIN DRAIN, BUFFER ZONES, BUILDING CODES, BUILDING INDUSTRY, BUILDING PERMITS, CAPITAL CITIES, CENSUSES, CITIES ALLIANCE, CITIZENS, CITY CENTERS, CITY DEVELOPMENT, CITY LEADERS, CITY PLANNING, CIVIL UNREST, COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, COMMUNITY SERVICES, CONCENTRATION OF POPULATION, CONSTRUCTION PERMIT, CONSTRUCTION PERMITS, COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN, DECENTRALIZATION, DESCRIPTION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT PLANS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISASTERS, DISPLACED PERSONS, DISTRICT HEATING, DISTRICTS, DWELLING, EARTHQUAKE, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC TRANSITION, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EQUALITY, EQUALIZATION, ETHNIC MINORITIES, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HOMEOWNERS, HOTEL, HOUSES, HOUSING, HOUSING CONSTRUCTION, HOUSING DEVELOPMENT, HOUSING MARKETS, HOUSING SHORTAGE, HOUSING STOCK, HOUSING UNITS, HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLDS, INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INEQUITIES, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INHABITANTS, INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL RELATIONS, INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS, INTERNATIONAL BORDERS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, LABOR MARKET, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND REFORM, LAND REGISTRATION, LAND REGISTRATION SYSTEM, LAND USE, LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE, LAWS, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, LEGAL STATUS, LEGISLATION, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, MARKET ECONOMY, MAYORS, METROPOLITAN AREAS, METROPOLITAN CITIES, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MIGRATION DATA, MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE, MODERNIZATION, MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT, MUNICIPALITIES, NATIONAL LEADERS, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POPULATION, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEIGHBORHOODS, NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS, PHYSICAL PLANNING, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESPONSE, POPULATION CENSUS, POPULATION CHANGES, POPULATION CONCENTRATION, POPULATION DECLINE, POPULATION DECREASE, POPULATION DENSITIES, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, POPULATION DYNAMICS, POPULATION ESTIMATES, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULOUS COUNTRY, PRIVATIZATION, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PUBLIC POLICIES, PUBLIC SERVICES, REFUGEES, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, REGIONAL DISPARITIES, REGIONAL PLANNING, REGIONAL POPULATION, RENTAL HOUSING, REPATRIATION, RESETTLEMENT, RESIDENCES, RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS, RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY, RESPECT, RURAL AREAS, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, SAFETY, SANITATION, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVISION, SERVICE SECTOR, SETTLEMENT, SETTLEMENT PATTERNS, SEWAGE, SLUMS, SMALL TOWNS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, SPATIAL PLANNING, STATE UNIVERSITY, SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TAXATION, TEMPORARY SHELTER, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TOURISM, TOWNS, TRANSPORT, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AGGLOMERATION, URBAN AREA, URBAN AREAS, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, URBAN DEVELOPMENT POLICY, URBAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, URBAN DWELLERS, URBAN ECONOMY, URBAN GROWTH, URBAN GROWTH RATE, URBAN INDICATORS, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN LAND, URBAN MANAGEMENT, URBAN PLANNING, URBAN PLANS, URBAN POLICIES, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN POPULATIONS, URBAN POVERTY, URBAN REGENERATION, URBAN SECTOR, URBAN SECTOR STRATEGY, URBAN SERVICE DELIVERY, URBAN SETTLEMENTS, URBAN STRATEGY, URBAN TRANSFORMATION, URBAN TRANSITION, URBANIZATION, URBANIZATION PROCESS, URBANIZED AREAS, USER FEES, UTILITIES, VILLAGES, WAR, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WATER SUPPLY, ZONING