Strategies for Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) Improvement as a New Crop in Colombia
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute - MDPI
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Robusta coffee is mostly grown in Africa and Asia and parts of tropical America, but
not yet in Colombia. The crop has potential in lowland areas of this traditional Arabica coffee
producer. Compared to Arabicas grown in highland areas, the Robustas have more drought and heat
tolerance. However, they differ in flavor and have higher caffeine levels. With natural resistance
to some of the major pests and diseases of other coffees, such as rust and berry borers, they thrive
under harsh conditions. The genetic improvement of Robusta coffee requires the understanding of
its genetic resources and a good breeding strategy. This review discusses the traits of interest and
selection criteria for breeding and recommends methods of varietal development for Robusta in
Colombia. Most of the traits of importance in breeding are quantitative and of low or intermediate
heritability. Robusta is an outcrossing species and can suffer from inbreeding depression, so mass
and recurrent selection are used, followed by the clonal propagation of best plants. Colombia has
limited germplasm only from the Congolese group, so the SG1/Conilon and SG2 genotypes should
be introduced with quarantine. Issues to address include the timing of flowering, asynchronous fruit
maturation, chemical composition and sensory quality, as well as bean size. Variability for abiotic
stress tolerance exists in Robusta genotypes and needs further study. New methods of breeding
include hybrid development and recurrent selection. Having adapted varieties of Robusta coffee
should promote production in Colombia, as it has in regions of Brazil, and would complement
Arabica coffee for this traditional and major producer.
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - (AGROSAVIA)
Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural - MADR
United States Department of State
Institute for International Educational Credits and Technical Studies - (ICETEX).
The United States Department of Agriculture - (USDA)
National Institute of Food and Agriculture - (NIFA)
Café
Coffea
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - (AGROSAVIA)
Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural - MADR
United States Department of State
Institute for International Educational Credits and Technical Studies - (ICETEX).
The United States Department of Agriculture - (USDA)
National Institute of Food and Agriculture - (NIFA)
Café
Coffea
Palabras clave
Investigación agropecuaria - A50, Café, Cultivo, Diversidad genética (recurso), Tolerancia a las plagas, Permanentes, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1731, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1972, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33952, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_14918