Support to the Establishment of a Digital Land Cadastre - TCP/TUK/3901
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After gaining independence in 1991, the Government of Turkmenistan chose a unique approach to land reform and farm restructuring. The collective land holdings were divided into plots that were leased to families (family leaseholds), while retaining the overall collective structure and state ownership of all agricultural land. The typical arrangement is that the use rights of state land are allocated to farm enterprises, and the farm enterprises then lease land to farmers. The government continues to maintain the traditional system of state orders or quota. Under this system, the lease contracts specify the crop that each leaseholder (private farmer) is required to produce (typically cotton or wheat) and set a specific quantity target for delivery to the state, often at prices below international market prices. The Turkmen official land statistics show very little individualization since 1990, because the former collective farms still record land now held in family leaseholds as part of its asset inventory. However, land reform resulted in a significant shift to individual or household-based farming, with more than three-quarters of the arable land leased to individual farmers. Most leaseholders consider this land to be rightfully theirs, and they expect to continue to use it in the future.Turkmenistan is currently undergoing a process of establishing a land administration system, including a cadastre and land registration system. The Law of Cadastre is in place, with the necessary enabling provisions for a functional land cadastre. However, more efforts were needed to implement the law; thus, the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection (MAEP) requested that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) provide technical assistance to develop and strengthen the land administration system.The project aimed to provide support to the MAEP and its Land Resources Service, which is specifically in charge of cadastre, land use monitoring and control, and land management, with an assessment of the current policy, legal and institutional framework related to land administration and land management.