China - From Poor Areas to Poor People : China’s Evolving Poverty Reduction Agenda - An Assessment of Poverty and Inequality in China

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dc.creatorWorld Bank
dc.date2012-03-19T17:22:48Z
dc.date2012-03-19T17:22:48Z
dc.date2009-03-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:12:25Z
dc.descriptionChina's progress in poverty reduction over the last 25 years is enviable. One cannot fail to be impressed by what this vast nation of 1.3 billion people has achieved in so little time. In terms of a wide range of indicators, the progress has been remarkable. Poverty in terms of income and consumption has been dramatically reduced. Progress has also been substantial in terms of human development indicators. Most of the millennium development goals have either already been achieved or the country is well on the way to achieving them. As a result of this progress, the country is now at a very different stage of development than it was at the dawn of the economic reforms at the beginning of the 1980s. China's poverty reduction performance has been even more striking. Between 1981 and 2004, the fraction of the population consuming below this poverty line fell from 65 percent to 10 percent, and the absolute number of poor fell from 652 million to 135 million, a decline of over half a billion people. The most rapid declines in poverty, in both the poverty rate and the number of poor, occurred during the 6th, 8th, and 10th plans. During the 7th plan period the number of poor actually rose, while in the 9th plan period, the poverty rate declined only marginally. But the pace of poverty reduction resumed between 2001 and 2004 and there are indications that during the first couple of years of the 11th plan poverty has continued to decline rapidly. The most recent official estimate of rural poverty in China for 2007 puts the number of poor at 14.79 million, or less than 2 percent of the rural population. While there is no official urban poverty line, estimates by others have found poverty levels in urban areas to be negligible using an urban poverty line that is comparable to the official poverty line for rural areas. These estimates thus suggest that only about 1 percent of China's population is currently in extreme poverty. Notwithstanding this tremendous success, the central thesis of this report is that the task of poverty reduction in many ways continues and in some respects has become more demanding.
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dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20090414011802
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3033
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/3033
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/416104
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL INCOMES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL POLICIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectALLOCATION OF RESOURCES
dc.subjectAVERAGE INCIDENCE OF POVERTY
dc.subjectBASIC EDUCATION
dc.subjectBASIC HEALTH
dc.subjectBASIC HEALTHCARE
dc.subjectBASIC NEEDS
dc.subjectBASIC SOCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectCAPITA INCOMES
dc.subjectCHANGES IN POVERTY
dc.subjectCHRONIC POVERTY
dc.subjectCOMPULSORY EDUCATION
dc.subjectCONCENTRATION OF LAND
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE INDEX
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION POVERTY
dc.subjectCROSS-COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE
dc.subjectCURRENT POVERTY
dc.subjectDECLINE IN POVERTY
dc.subjectDETERMINANTS OF POVERTY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION OF LAND
dc.subjectDIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORMS
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectEDUCATED WORKERS
dc.subjectEDUCATION LEVEL
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEGALITARIAN DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectELDERLY
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT STATUS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectEXTREME POVERTY
dc.subjectFAMILY MEMBERS
dc.subjectFARM EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectFARM INCOME
dc.subjectFARM INCOMES
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFOOD NEEDS
dc.subjectFOOD POVERTY
dc.subjectFORM OF POVERTY
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectHEADCOUNT RATIO
dc.subjectHEALTH BUDGET
dc.subjectHEALTH EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectHEALTH FACILITIES
dc.subjectHEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectHIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD BUDGET
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD LEVEL
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD PER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHOUSING
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINCIDENCE OF POVERTY
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME GAP
dc.subjectINCOME GROWTH
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINCOME POVERTY
dc.subjectINCOME SHOCKS
dc.subjectINCOME SUPPORT
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINEQUITIES
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFORMAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTERNAL MIGRATION
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLAND MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectLAND RIGHTS
dc.subjectLARGE CITIES
dc.subjectLEVEL OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectLOW POVERTY RATE
dc.subjectMEANS TESTING
dc.subjectMIGRANT
dc.subjectMIGRANT WORKERS
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectMIGRATION FLOWS
dc.subjectMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF HEALTH
dc.subjectMINORITY
dc.subjectMOVEMENT OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectNATIONAL POPULATION
dc.subjectNATIONAL POVERTY
dc.subjectNATURAL DISASTERS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectOLD AGE
dc.subjectPENSIONS
dc.subjectPER-CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOLICY DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY ISSUES
dc.subjectPOOR
dc.subjectPOOR AREAS
dc.subjectPOOR COUNTIES
dc.subjectPOOR HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectPOOR LIVING
dc.subjectPOOR PEOPLE
dc.subjectPOOR VILLAGES
dc.subjectPOORER AREAS
dc.subjectPOTENTIAL MIGRANTS
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subjectPOVERTY ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectPOVERTY ASSESSMENT TEAM
dc.subjectPOVERTY DATA
dc.subjectPOVERTY ESTIMATES
dc.subjectPOVERTY GAP
dc.subjectPOVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE
dc.subjectPOVERTY HEADCOUNT RATES
dc.subjectPOVERTY INCIDENCE
dc.subjectPOVERTY LEVELS
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINE
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINES
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATE
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATES
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION EFFORTS
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAM
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMS
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY
dc.subjectPOVERTY SITUATION
dc.subjectPOVERTY STATUS
dc.subjectPOVERTY THRESHOLD
dc.subjectPRO-POOR
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICE
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER PARITY
dc.subjectREDUCED POVERTY
dc.subjectREDUCING POVERTY
dc.subjectREDUCTION IN POVERTY
dc.subjectREGIONAL DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectRELATIVE CONTRIBUTION
dc.subjectRELATIVE RISK OF POVERTY
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectRISK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectRURAL
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL COUNTIES
dc.subjectRURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectRURAL GROWTH
dc.subjectRURAL HEALTH
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLD
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectRURAL INCOME
dc.subjectRURAL INCOMES
dc.subjectRURAL LABOR
dc.subjectRURAL MIGRANTS
dc.subjectRURAL POOR
dc.subjectRURAL POPULATION
dc.subjectRURAL POVERTY
dc.subjectRURAL POVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectRURAL PRICES
dc.subjectRURAL RESIDENTS
dc.subjectRURAL WORKERS
dc.subjectSAFETY NET
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSCHOOLING
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY ENROLMENTS
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION
dc.subjectSELECTION SYSTEM
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSEX RATIO
dc.subjectSHORT-TERM TRAINING
dc.subjectSOCIAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectSOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMS
dc.subjectSOCIAL POLICIES
dc.subjectSOCIAL POLICY
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectSOCIAL SCIENCES
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectSOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subjectSTATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSUBSISTENCE
dc.subjectSURVIVAL RATE
dc.subjectTARGETING
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN MIGRATION
dc.subjectURBAN POPULATION
dc.subjectURBAN POVERTY
dc.subjectURBAN WORKERS
dc.subjectUSER FEES
dc.subjectVILLAGE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectVULNERABILITY
dc.subjectVULNERABILITY TO POVERTY
dc.subjectVULNERABLE GROUPS
dc.subjectYOUNG ADULTS
dc.titleChina - From Poor Areas to Poor People : China’s Evolving Poverty Reduction Agenda - An Assessment of Poverty and Inequality in China

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