Do Performance Agreements Help Improve Service Delivery?
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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A growing number of states and
municipalities in Brazil rely on results-based management,
and many other local and state governments are considering
adopting the practice. This paper examines the experiences
of the Brazilian states that have implemented results
agreements linked to variable pay. The analysis compares
current with pre-intervention outcomes in the education,
health, and security sectors. The changes are examined in
relation to regional trends to determine whether the
improvements depart in meaningful ways from the overall
trend. In addition, a truncated time-series cross-section
model is used to control for several additional factors
influencing service delivery outcomes. The results suggest
that, at least in the short and medium term, the
implementation of results agreements is associated with
significant and positive changes in outcomes in the security
and education sectors. On average, states using team-level
targets and performance-related pay have 15 fewer homicides
per 100,000 inhabitants than those that do not, all else
equal. Similarly, states that have introduced performance
agreements and a bonus for teachers and school staff have
improved their Basic Education Development Index score for
public secondary schools by 0.3 additional points compared
with the scores of states with similar characteristics. The
conclusions are in line with the findings of in-depth impact
evaluations and case study work in the education and
security sectors (Bruns, Evans and Luque 2011, Milagres de
Assis 2012). The paper does not analyze unit or team level
data, which would be necessary to draw more rigorous
conclusions about how results-based interventions affect the
behavior of civil servants and outcomes over time.
Therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution,
as some of the assumptions behind the models cannot be
examined with the available data.
Palabras clave
SANITATION, WORKFORCE, BASIC EDUCATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, MATERIALS, SEARCH, PREVENTION, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, INTERNAL COMMUNICATION, INFORMATION, LABOR FORCE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, ENTRY POINT, MONITORING, PUBLIC SERVICES, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLITICAL LEADERSHIP, TIME PERIOD, CRIME, MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SECURITY SERVICES, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS, HOSPITAL, PUBLIC HEALTH, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, OPEN ACCESS, HEALTH SECTOR, KNOWLEDGE, INSTITUTIONS, LINK, PUBLIC POLICY, DATA, STRATEGIC PRIORITIES, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, IRON, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, TRAINING, DRUG TRAFFICKING, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, INTERVENTION, MORTALITY RATE, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, DOMAIN, FAMILY HEALTH, TARGETS, PRODUCTIVITY, SECONDARY SCHOOL, CITIZEN, ADOPTION, OBSERVATION, VIOLENCE, FAMILY HEALTH SERVICES, WEB, SERVICE PROVISION, MORTALITY RATE, SERVICE DELIVERY, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, INVENTORY, MORTALITY, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, POLITICAL SUPPORT, PROGRESS, PROJECT MANAGEMENT, UNIONS, TECHNOLOGY, PDF, SCHOOL YEAR, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, QUALITY MANAGEMENT, POLICIES, MORTALITY LEVELS, INTERNAL CHANGE, RESULTS, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, HEALTH OUTCOMES, MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, POPULATION DENSITY, STRESS, PARTICIPATORY PROCESS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, MEASUREMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR, POLICY, SOCIAL WELFARE, CITIZENS, CHILD MORTALITY, ADMINISTRATION, HEALTH SYSTEM, CHILD MORTALITY RATES, RESULT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, CHILDREN, STATE GOVERNMENTS, SECURITY, BUSINESS, TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES, SET OF GOALS, ISOLATION, PERFORMANCE, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, INSTITUTION, POPULATION, STUDENTS, COMMUNICATION, POLICY RESEARCH, LEGISLATORS, PERFORMANCE MEASURES, STRATEGY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, CHILD MORTALITY RATE, PUBLIC SERVICE, SECONDARY EDUCATION, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, IMPLEMENTATION, HEALTH SERVICES, TARGET, USES, QUALITY OF SERVICE, INNOVATIONS, SERVICE PROVIDERS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY