Environmental Health and Child Survival
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Interest in environmental health has
increased in recent years, largely because the most
vulnerable groups remain disproportionately exposed to and
affected by health risks from environmental hazards. More
than 40 percent of the global burden of disease attributed
to environmental factors falls on children below five years
of age, who account for about 10 percent of the world's
population. Children are especially susceptible to
environmental factors that put them at risk of developing
illness early in life. Malnutrition is an important
contributor to child mortality; malnutrition and
environmental infections are inextricably linked, but these
links have been forgotten or neglected by policy-makers. The
World Health Organization (WHO) recently convened an expert
panel, which concluded that about 50 percent of the
consequences of malnutrition are in fact caused by
inadequate water and sanitation provision and poor hygienic
practices. Recent recognition of environmental linkages with
malnutrition highlights the urgent need to develop a
spectrum of interventions to reduce exposure to
environmental risks.
Palabras clave
ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS, AIR POLLUTION, BEHAVIOR CHANGE, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, BIOLOGICAL FACTORS, BURDEN OF DISEASE, CAUSE OF DEATH, CAUSES OF DEATH, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MORTALITY, CHRONIC DISEASES, CLEAN WATER, COAL, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, DEATHS, DELIVERY OF WATER, DENGUE, DIARRHEA, DIARRHEAL DISEASES, DRINKING WATER, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL RISK, ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, FETUS, HAZARDS, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH ISSUES, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH RISKS, HELMINTHS, HIV, HIV/AIDS, HYGIENE, HYGIENE BEHAVIORS, HYGIENE EDUCATION, IMMUNITY, INADEQUATE SANITATION, INADEQUATE WATER, INCOME, INDOOR AIR, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, INFECTION DURING PREGNANCY, INFECTIONS, INTESTINAL WORMS, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, MALARIA, MALARIA CONTROL, MALARIA INFECTION, MALNUTRITION, MATERNAL HEALTH, MEDICAL TREATMENT, MORBIDITY, MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY, MORTALITY, MOSQUITO BREEDING, NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, POLLUTION, POOR HEALTH, POOR HYGIENE, PREGNANCY, PREGNANT WOMEN, PRODUCTIVITY, PUBLIC HEALTH, RISK FACTORS, RISK OF MALARIA, SAFE DRINKING WATER, SANITARY CONDITIONS, SANITATION, SANITATION SERVICES, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, VECTOR CONTROL, VIRUS, WATER SECTOR, WATER SUPPLY