A Model of Gendered Production in Colonial Africa and Implications for Development in the Post-Colonial Period
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper proposes a model to analyze
the implications of colonial policies for gender inequality
in Sub-Saharan Africa. The model emphasizes segmentation of
production under complete specialization. It shows that the
colonial production model, underpinned by occupational job
segregation in the agricultural sector and gender bias in
the non-agricultural sector, exacerbated gender inequality
by limiting employment opportunities for women outside the
realm of home production and subsistence agriculture. Over
the past few decades, the resilience of parameters
underlying these models of colonial production has
heightened the risks of macroeconomic volatility in the
region, especially where the structural transformation from
low to high-value-added activities has remained elusive.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO RESOURCES, ADVERSE EFFECTS, AGGREGATE DEMAND, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES, ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY, BARGAINING, BARGAINING POWER, BORROWING, CASH CROP, CASH CROPS, CHILD LABOR, CHILD REARING, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE, CROPS, CULTURAL CHANGE, CUSTOM, DECISION MAKING, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DIMINISHING RETURNS, DISCRIMINATION, DIVIDENDS, DIVISION OF LABOR, DOWNSIDE RISKS, DRIVERS, ECONOMIC CHANGE, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC HISTORY, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIC POWER, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, ELASTICITY, ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION, ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, EXPORTS, EXTENSION, EXTERNALITIES, FARMERS, FARMS, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, FERTILITY, FOOD PRODUCTION, FORCED LABOR, FOSSIL FUELS, FUTURE RESEARCH, GDP, GENDER, GENDER ANALYSIS, GENDER BIAS, GENDER DIMENSION, GENDER DISPARITY, GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER GAP, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER ISSUES, GENDER RELATIONS, GENDER ROLES, GENDER SEGREGATION, GIRLS, HIGH FERTILITY RATE, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HOUSEHOLD ASSETS, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUSBANDS, IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOMES, INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS, INFORMAL ECONOMY, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFORMAL SECTOR EMPLOYMENT, INNOVATION, INTEGRATION, INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES, JOB TRAINING, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR SUPPLY, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MARGINAL PRODUCT, MARGINAL REVENUE, MARKET ECONOMIES, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MONOPOLY, MORTALITY, NATIONAL INCOME, NATIVE POPULATION, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY, OPEN ECONOMY, OPTIMAL ALLOCATION, PERFECT COMPETITION, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POPULATION DIVISION, POPULATION ESTIMATES, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION PRESSURE, POWER OF WOMEN, PRICE TAKERS, PRODUCT MARKETS, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES, PROGRESS, RAPID POPULATION GROWTH, RATES OF GROWTH, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESPECT, RURAL WOMEN, SEX, SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOR, SKILLED LABOR, SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SOIL CULTIVATION, SPILLOVER, SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE, TIME CONSTRAINTS, TOTAL OUTPUT, TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, UNCTAD, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNITED NATIONS, URBAN AREAS, UTILITY FUNCTION, WAGE STRUCTURE, WAGES, WEALTH, WEEDS, WOMAN, WORKING HOURS, WORLD POPULATION