Variation among soyabean (Glycine max [l.] merr.) accessions for morphological and seed quality traits
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University of Ibadan
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Soyabean is a significant leguminous crop that is extensively grown in Nigeria for feed, food, and oil. However, there is an overall challenge of improving the crop. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the level of diversity among accessions of soyabean using agro-morphological traits and yield attributes.
Fifty-four soyabean accessions were evaluated for agro-morphological and yield traits using augmented design. The experimental field was comprised of single row measured 5.0 m long with intra-row and inter- row measured 2.5 and 1.0m. Each row of 5.0m2 represented a plot. Data were collected from five tagged plants from within each plot according to the soyabean descriptor on quantitative and qualitative traits with slight modification. Standard colour charts such as royal horticultural society colour chart and Methuen handbook of colour were used to determine seed coat colour and pod colour among others. The data were analysed using, principal component analysis, correlation, cluster analysis and ANOVA at P ≤ 0.05.
There were significant differences among the soyabean accessions for nine traits except for days to harvest, days to 50% flowering, days to emergence, number of pod, plant height at maturity, plant height at flowering, pod wall, seed thickness and Total seed weight. About 76% of the accessions were of good quality and 24% were of medium quality and 37% of the seed coat lustre were shiny, 32% were intermediate while 31% were of dull seed coat lustre. Seed thickness had positive and significant correlation with terminal leaf length. (0.44). seed width (0.62), seed length (0.37), and 100 seed weight (0.57), Hundred seed weight was negatively and significatly correlated with the number of nodes (-0.31) and positively and siginificantly correlated with terminal leaf length (0.27), pod wall (0.31), seed width (0.66), seed length (0.49), and pod length (0.28). The traits that are close to the horizonal and vertical axies are highly variable traits, which implies there is wide variation for the particular traits. The accessions were grouped into 3 clusters where Cluster 1 had 26 accessions divided into two sub-clusters: sub-cluster I (2 accessions) and sub-cluster II (24 accessions). Cluster 2 had 11 accessions across two sub-clusters: sub-cluster I (2 accessions) and sub-cluster II (9 accessions). Cluster 3 had two sub-clusters. The first sub cluster has two accessions with similar traits. There exists variation among the soyabean accessions for yield candidates and yield related traits. TGm-1877, TGm-1851, and TGm-89, which demonstrated the highest seed weight, are proposed for release to farmers for further cultivation in areas sharing similar agroecological conditions as observed in this study.
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soybeans, grain legumes, glycine max, yields, genetic variation, seed quality