Africa’s Trade in Services and Economic Partnership Agreements
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World Bank
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Trade can play a crucial role in the
development of services sectors in Africa. Services offer
new dynamic opportunities for exports, especially for
land-locked countries, while opening up to imports of
services and foreign direct investment is a key mechanism to
increase competition and drive greater efficiency in the
provision of services in the domestic economy. Lower prices,
higher quality and wider access to services raises
productivity improves competitiveness and is critical for
poverty reduction. But trade opening may need to be
coordinated with regulatory reforms, to ensure efficient
outcomes, while additional policies may be required to
ensure that public policy objectives regarding equity are
achieved. This places emphasis on the capacity to define and
implement sound regulatory policies for services sectors,
capacity that is limited in many African countries.
Regulatory and trade reforms in Africa need to be supported
with technical and financial assistance. Such assistance
should be available to all African countries that wish to
reform their services sectors, whether they negotiate and
sign an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) or not. An
independently managed fund for services trade reform in
Africa, organized around common priority sectors, that would
allocate resources to support implementation of reforms and
consultants according to expertise, not nationality, will be
the most appropriate vehicle for providing technical
assistance and building capacity.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, AGRICULTURE, ASSETS, AUCTION, BANKS, BARRIER, BASIC SERVICES, BILATERAL TRADE, BROKERAGE, BUSINESS CLIMATE, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, BUSINESS SERVICES, CAPACITY BUILDING, COMMODITIES, COMMON MARKET, COMMUNICATION SERVICES, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPETITION POLICIES, COMPETITION POLICY, COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT, COMPETITIVE MARKET, COMPETITIVENESS, CONNECTIVITY, CONSUMERS, CURRENCY, CUSTOMS UNION, DEREGULATION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DOMESTIC ECONOMY, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC MARKETS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, ELECTRONIC MONEY, ENGINEERING SERVICES, ENGINEERS, EXPORT SECTORS, EXPORTS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FOREIGN BANKS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTORS, FOREIGN TRADE, FORMAL ECONOMY, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, GDP, GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES, GLOBAL MARKET, GLOBAL MARKETS, GLOBALIZATION, GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH RATES, HUMAN CAPITAL, ICT, INCOME, INCOME GROUPS, INCOMES, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INSURANCE, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INTEREST RATE, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, LABOR MARKET, LAWS, LAWYERS, LDCS, LEARNING, LOBBYING, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET FAILURES, MERGERS, MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES, MOBILE BANKING, MOBILE PHONES, MONEY LAUNDERING, MONOPOLY, MULTILATERAL TRADE, MULTINATIONAL, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, NATURAL MONOPOLIES, NETWORK SERVICES, OUTPUT, OUTPUTS, PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTS, POLITICAL LEADERS, POLLUTION, POTENTIAL INVESTORS, POWER OUTAGES, PREFERENTIAL, PREFERENTIAL ACCESS, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATIZATION, PROCUREMENT, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROFIT MARGINS, PROPERTY RIGHT, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC POLICY, REAL GDP, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL TRADE, REGULATOR, REGULATORS, REGULATORY AGENCIES, REGULATORY BODIES, REGULATORY CAPTURE, REGULATORY CONSTRAINT, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, REGULATORY OVERSIGHT, REGULATORY REFORM, REGULATORY REGIME, REGULATORY REGIMES, REGULATORY TREATMENT, SATELLITES, SAVINGS, SERVICE DELIVERY, TAX, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION, TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES, TELEMEDICINE, TELEPHONE DENSITY, TELEPHONES, TELEPHONY, TERRORISM, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE REFORMS, TRADE RELATIONS, TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP, TRANSPARENCY, UNDERSEA CABLES, UNDUE INFLUENCE, VALUE ADDED, WORLD MARKETS, WORLD TRADE, WTO