The Nurse Labor and Education Markets in the English-Speaking CARICOM : Issues and Options for Reform
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World Bank
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The present report concludes the second
phase of the cooperation between Caribbean Community
(CARICOM) countries and the World Bank to build skills for a
competitive regional economy. It focuses on the nurse labor
and education markets of the English-speaking (ES) CARICOM.
The topic was suggested by ministers of health concerned
with chronic staffing shortages in local health facilities
and anecdotal evidence of high migratory outflows. The
chronic staff shortages are likely to hamper the quality and
efficiency of health services, both of which are critical
factors in attracting international businesses and
retirement locales. The rationale for focusing on nurses was
that they compose the largest group of health care
professionals in the ES CARICOM and play a critical role in
strengthening health services in the face of the demographic
and epidemiological transition in the region. Moreover,
major achievements in improving and harmonizing curricula,
degrees, and licensing procedures among the ES countries of
CARICOM facilitate the international competition for this
globally scarce human resource. If the ES CARICOM is to
address current and future nurse shortages, be increasingly
protected against a large outflow of nurses, and
simultaneously recognize an individual's right to
freedom of movement and right to access health services,
then various policies must be examined. Ultimately, believe
that a false dichotomy exists between choosing to focus on
increasing nurse training capacity versus focusing on
managing migration; in fact, both must be done jointly and
immediately. If the ES CARICOM is to address current and
future nurse shortages, be increasingly protected against a
large outflow of nurses and simultaneously recognize an
individual's right to freedom of movement, the ES
CARICOM must both increase the number of nurse graduates and
manage migration.
Palabras clave
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCREDITATION, ACCREDITATION BODIES, ACCREDITATION SYSTEMS, ACHIEVEMENTS, AGGRESSIVE, AGING, ANNUAL GRADUATES, BEHAVIOR CHANGE, BINDING, CAREER, CAREER DEVELOPMENT, CAREER OPPORTUNITIES, CITIZENS, CITIZENSHIP, COMMUNITY COLLEGE, COUNTRY CASE STUDIES, COUNTRY STUDIES, CRITICAL CARE, CURRICULA, CURRICULUM, DEGREE PROGRAMS, DEGREES, DIABETES, DIASPORA, DISCIPLINES, DISEASES, DROP OUT RATES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATION MARKETS, EDUCATION PROGRAMS, EDUCATION STANDARDS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMIGRATION LEVELS, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRANSITION, EQUILIBRIUM, FAMILIES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY TIES, FISCAL POLICIES, FREE TERTIARY EDUCATION, GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS, GLOBAL MARKET, GRADUATE LEVEL, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH INFORMATION, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, HEALTH PROMOTION, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH TRAINING, HIV/AIDS, HOSPITAL, HOSPITAL BEDS, HOST COUNTRY, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, HUMAN RIGHTS, IMMIGRATION, IMMIGRATION POLICIES, IMMIGRATION POLICY, INSTRUCTORS, INSURANCE, INTEGRATION, INTERVENTIONS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LEARNING, LECTURERS, LITERACY, LITERATURE, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, MARKET ECONOMY, MARRIED WOMEN, MASTERS DEGREES, MEDICAL PERSONNEL, MENTORS, MIDWIFERY, MIGRANT, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MIGRATION FLOWS, MIGRATION POLICIES, MOBILITY, MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS, NATIONALS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NURSE, NURSES, NURSING, NURSING EDUCATION, NURSING SCHOOLS, NURSING STUDENTS, OUTREACH ACTIVITIES, PATIENT, PATIENT EDUCATION, PATIENTS, PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES, PHYSICIANS, POPULATION DIVISION, POPULATION SIZE, POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT, PRIMARY CARE, PRIVATE SCHOOLS, PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT, PROFICIENCY, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HOSPITALS, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, QUALITY TRAINING, REGIONAL COOPERATION, REGIONAL STRATEGY, REMITTANCES, RESEARCH EFFORTS, RESEARCH METHODS, RESOURCE NEEDS, RESPECT, RETURN MIGRATION, SELF-SUFFICIENCY, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED WORKERS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL NETWORKS, SPOUSE, SPOUSES, STIPENDS, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY EDUCATION POLICIES, TERTIARY LEVEL, TERTIARY SECTOR, TRADE AGREEMENTS, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRAINING COSTS, TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TUITION, TUITION COSTS, TUITION SUBSIDIES, TUTORS, UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISION, UNIVERSITY GRADUATES, UNMET DEMAND, VIRGIN, WORK ENVIRONMENT, WORKFORCE, YOUNG PEOPLE