Preserving biodiversity in a warming climate: adapting strategies in forestry and nature conservation
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It is a challenge for today’s conservation managers to adapt their strategies to a changing climate. We systematically compiled recommendations from scientific literature reviews regarding adapting biodiversity conservation to climate change in boreal and temperate regions. Both direct (changed temperature, precipitation, sea level) and indirect effects (such as increased natural disturbances and changed land use) of climate change were considered. Most recommendations belonged to eight dominating categories: (i) Promote both connectivity that facilitates dispersal through the landscape and connectivity that maintains populations within the landscapes; (ii) Focus on certain types of sites, especially those that can act as climate refugia, since they have heterogeneous climatic conditions; (iii) Protect a few large areas rather than many smaller, since then species can to a higher extent persist within the protected areas at climate change; (iv) Consider the regional location, especially by locating conservation measures at sites predicted to become important for biodiversity in the future, such as sites located at higher elevations and closer to the poles; (v) protect areas also temporarily, as a response to extreme events or changes in range distributions; (vi) increase habitat diversity over landscapes by protecting many different habitats; (vii) mitigate habitat deterioration caused by climate change and restore degraded habitats in production landscapes, and (viii) decrease the intensity and adapt practices in forestry to climate change, for example by increasing the ecological resilience to climatic stresses.<br /> Climate change implies that more conservation efforts are required to reach conservation goals. To protect forest biodiversity in the future, both traditional conservation strategies and strategies adapted to climate change are needed; in addition, novel approaches developed as a response to climate change will become increasingly relevant.
Keywords: Biodiversity conservation, Climate change, Landscape management
ID: 3621863