Strengthening China's Technological Capability
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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China is increasing its outlay on
research and development and seeking to build an innovation
system that will deliver quick results not just in absorbing
technology but also in pushing the technological envelope.
China's spending on R&D rose from 1.1 percent of
GDP in 2000 to 1.3 percent of GDP in 2005. On a purchasing
power parity basis, China's research outlay was among
the world's highest, far greater than that of Brazil,
India, or Mexico. Chinese firms are active in the fields of
biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, alternative energy sources,
and nanotechnology. This surge in spending has been parallel
by a sharp increase in patent applications in China, with
the bulk of the patents registered in the areas of
electronics, information technology, and telecoms. However,
of the almost 50,000 patents granted in China, nearly
two-thirds were to nonresidents. This paper considers two
questions that are especially important for China. First,
how might China go about accelerating technology
development? Second, what measures could most
cost-effectively deliver the desired outcomes? It concludes
that although the level of financing for R&D is
certainly important, technological advance is closely keyed
to absorptive capacity which is a function of the volume and
quality of talent and the depth as well as the heterogeneity
of research experience. It is also a function of how
companies maximize the commercial benefits of research and
development, and the coordination of research with
production and marketing.
Palabras clave
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