Water and Climate Change

Clifton, Craig; Evans, Rick; Hayes, Susan; Hirji, Rafik; Puz, Gabrielle; Pizarro, Carolina

Water and Climate Change

Autores

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

Adaptation to climate impacts on groundwater resources in developed and developing countries has not received adequate attention. This reflects the often poorly understood impacts of climate change, the hidden nature of groundwater and the general neglect of groundwater management. Many developing countries are highly reliant on groundwater. Given expectations of reduced supply in many regions and growing demand, pressure on groundwater resources is set to escalate. This is a crucial problem and demands urgent action. This report addresses the impacts of climate change on groundwater and adaptation options. The Earth's climate is projected to become warmer and more variable. Increased global temperatures are projected to affect the hydrologic cycle, leading to changes in precipitation patterns and increases in the intensity and frequency of extreme events; reduced snow cover and widespread melting of ice; rising sea levels; and changes in soil moisture, runoff and groundwater recharge. Increased evaporation and the risk of flooding and drought could adversely affect security of water supply, particularly surface water. Due to these pressures, as well as global population growth, demand for groundwater is likely to increase.

Palabras clave

ACCEPTABLE QUALITY, ACCESS TO WATER, ACID SULFATE SOILS, ADVERSE EFFECTS, ADVERSE IMPACTS, AGRICULTURAL USES, AGRICULTURE, AIR TEMPERATURES, ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGES, AQUATIC PLANTS, AQUIFER, AQUIFER CONTAMINATION, AQUIFER RECHARGE, AQUIFERS, ARID AREAS, ARID REGIONS, ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE, AVAILABILITY OF WATER, BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY, CAPACITY BUILDING, CARBON, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON FINANCE, CASE STUDIES, CATCHMENT, CLASSIFICATION, CLEAN ENERGY, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGES, CLIMATE IMPACTS, CLIMATE SYSTEM, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATE ANALYSIS, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, CLIMATIC IMPACTS, CLIMATIC VARIABILITY, CO2, COASTAL AREAS, COLORS, CONDENSATION, CONJUNCTIVE USE, CONTAMINATED WATER, CROP PRODUCTION, CROPS, DAMS, DATA GAPS, DECISION MAKING, DEGRADATION OF GROUNDWATER, DEGREE OF INFLUENCE, DEMAND MANAGEMENT, DESALINATION, DISCHARGE, DRINKING WATER, DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES, DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, DROUGHT, DROUGHT SEVERITY, DRY PERIODS, ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEMS, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS SCENARIOS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES, EROSION, EVAPORATION, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, FINE SAND, FLOODING, FLOODS, FLUSHING, FOOD SECURITY, FORESTRY, FRACTURED BEDROCK, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FRESH GROUNDWATER, FRESH WATER, FRESHWATER, FRESHWATER SUPPLY, GAS, GCM, GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL, GHG, GLACIERS, GLOBAL WARMING, GOVERNANCE OF WATER, GRASSES, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GASES, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER ABSTRACTION, GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION, GROUNDWATER DEPLETION, GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE, GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT, GROUNDWATER PROTECTION, GROUNDWATER PUMPING, GROUNDWATER QUALITY, GROUNDWATER RECHARGE, GROUNDWATER RESOURCES, GROUNDWATER STORAGE, GROUNDWATER TABLE, GROUNDWATER USE, HEAVY METALS, HYDROGEOLOGY, HYDROLOGIC CYCLE, HYDROLOGICAL MODEL, HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE, HYDROLOGY, ICE, INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, INTENSIVE GROUNDWATER USE, IPCC, IRRIGATION PURPOSES, LAKES, LAND AREAS, LAND COVER, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND SUBSIDENCE, LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE, LIVESTOCK WATERING, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDWATER, MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES, MANAGEMENT OF WATER, MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, METEOROLOGY, MOISTURE CONTENT, NATURAL RECHARGE, OCEANS, ORGANIC MATTER, PALMER DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX, PESTICIDES, PLANTATION, POLLUTANTS, POLLUTION, PONDS, POPULATION DENSITY, PRECIPITATION, PRECIPITATION EVENTS, PRECIPITATION PATTERNS, PRESSURE, PROTECTION OF GROUNDWATER, PROTECTION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY, PUMPING, QUALITY WATER, RAIN, RAINFALL, RAINFALL EVENTS, REDUCED GROUNDWATER, REDUCED STREAMFLOW, REGIONAL CLIMATE, RIVER, RIVERS, ROOT ZONE, RUNOFF, SAFE DRINKING WATER, SALINE INTRUSION, SALTWATER INTRUSION, SAND, SAND DAM, SANITATION, SANITATION FACILITIES, SEA LEVEL RISE, SEA WATER, SEASONAL CHANGES, SEDIMENT, SEWAGE TREATMENT, SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT, SHALLOW WATER, SHALLOW WATER TABLE, SHALLOW WELLS, SHORE, SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION, SNOW, SNOWMELT, SOIL MOISTURE, SOIL PROFILE, SOILS, SOLAR ENERGY, SPECIES, SPRINGS, STORAGE CAPACITY, STORM WATER, STREAM, STREAM CHANNELS, SURFACE FLOW, SURFACE WATER, SURFACE WATER BODIES, SURFACE WATER RESOURCES, SURFACE WATERS, TEMPERATURE, TREATMENT PLANTS, UNEP, URBAN SETTINGS, USE OF WATER, VEGETATION, VEGETATION COVER, WASTE WATER, WASTEWATER, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WATER ALLOCATION, WATER ALLOCATIONS, WATER AVAILABILITY, WATER DEMAND, WATER FLOWS, WATER GOVERNANCE, WATER LOGGING, WATER MARKETS, WATER QUALITY, WATER REQUIREMENTS, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, WATER SCARCITY, WATER SECTOR, WATER SUPPLY, WATER SYSTEM, WATER SYSTEMS, WATER TABLE, WATER TABLE DEPTH, WATER USERS, WATER USES, WATERSHED, WATERSHEDS, WAVES, WELLS, WETLANDS, WOODY VEGETATION