Estimating Poverty with Panel Data, Comparably
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Poverty estimates based on enumeration
from a single point in time form the cornerstone for much of
the literature on poverty. Households are typically
interviewed once about their consumption or income, and
their wellbeing is assessed from their responses. Global
estimates of poverty that aggregate poverty counts from all
countries implicitly assume that the counts are comparable.
This paper illustrates that this assumption of comparability
is potentially invalid when households are interviewed
multiple times with repeat visits throughout the year. The
paper provides an example from Jordan, where the
internationally comparable approach of handling the data
from repeat visits yields a poverty rate that is 26 percent
greater than the rate that is currently reported as the
official estimate. The paper also explores alternative
definitions of poverty, informed in part by the
psychological and biophysical literature on the long-run
effects of short-term exposure to poverty or generally
adverse environments. This alternative concept of poverty
suggests that the prevalence of those who have been affected
by poverty in Jordan during 2010 is more than twice as large
as the official 2010 estimate of poverty.
Palabras clave
HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, LIVING STANDARDS, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, POVERTY LINE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, FAMINES, SQUARED POVERTY GAP, INCOME, FOOD CONSUMPTION, AVERAGE LEVEL, POVERTY INDICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, POVERTY ESTIMATES, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, CONSUMPTION DATA, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, HEALTH INSURANCE, HOUSING, NATIONAL POVERTY, POOR PEOPLE, POVERTY GAP INDEX, INCOME SUPPORT, NATIONAL POVERTY RATE, FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA, GLOBAL POVERTY, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, MEASURES, POVERTY MEASURES, REGION, POVERTY REDUCTION, COPING STRATEGIES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, PUBLIC POLICY, REDUCTION STRATEGY, FOOD BASKET, DEFINITIONS OF POVERTY, MEASURING POVERTY, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY GAP, INCOME INEQUALITY, TRANSFERS, CHRONIC POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, BUSINESS CYCLE, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS, CHANGES IN POVERTY, CREDIT PROGRAMS, POVERTY STATISTICS, CASH TRANSFERS, DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY, POVERTY PROFILE, REAL INCOMES, UNEMPLOYMENT, DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, POVERTY LINES, CONSUMPTION, POVERTY DATA, HUMAN CAPITAL, POVERTY COMPARISONS, POVERTY MEASURE, POVERTY MEASUREMENT, REDUCTION IN POVERTY, POLICY MAKERS, CHRONICALLY POOR, AGGREGATE POVERTY, DENSITY FUNCTION, FAMILY INCOME, MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY, HEADCOUNT INDEX, CATEGORICAL TARGETING, IMPACT OF SHOCKS, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, NUTRITION, HOUSEHOLD BUDGET, PUBLIC WORKS, SMALL-SCALE AGRICULTURE, ECONOMICS, INSURANCE, TARGETING, MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS, RICH COUNTRIES, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING, POOR POPULATION, EXTREME POVERTY, POVERTY, HEADCOUNT POVERTY, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, POVERTY UPDATE, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, POLICY RESEARCH, POVERTY RATE, POOR, FOOD PRICES, CHILD POVERTY, SQUARED POVERTY GAP INDEX, ELIGIBILITY, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, INCOME VOLATILITY, INEQUALITY, GROWTH, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PERSON